1. Properties of Matter Pages 37-65
Chapter 2
Properties of Matter
Pages 37-65

2. Section 1
Classifying Matter
Pages 38-44

3. Matter
Matter can be broken down into two categories: Pure substances and Mixtures
Pure substances can be either elements or compounds
Mixtures can be either homogeneous or heterogeneous

4. Matter
The classification depends on particle size and type

5. Pure Substances
Matter that always has the same composition is classified as a pure substance.
Every sample of a given substance has the same properties because a substance has a fixed, uniform composition.

6. Elements
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
An atom is the smallest particles of an element.
An element has a fixed composition because it contains only one type of atom.

7. Elements
Symbols:
I Cu Hg C

8. Compounds
A compound is a substance that is made from two or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances.
A compound always contains two or more elements joined in a fixed proportion.

9. Mixtures
The properties of Mixtures are less constant than the properties of substances.
The properties of a mixture can vary because the composition of a mixture is not fixed.
There are two main types: heterogeneous and homogenous

10. Mixtures Heterogeneous
The parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another.
Homogeneous
The parts are so evenly distributed that it is difficult to distinguish one substance in the mixture from another.

11. Solutions, Suspensions and Colloids
Based on the size of its largest particles, a mixture can be classified as a solution, a suspension, or a colloid.

12. Solutions
Substances dissolve and form a homogeneous mixture

13. Suspensions
A heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time

14. Colloids
Contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension. They also scatter light

16. Section 2
Physical Properties
Pages 45-51

17. Physical Properties
A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material.
Viscosity, conductivity, malleability, hardness, melting point, boiling point, and density are examples of physical properties.

18. How might you change a liquid’s viscosity?
The tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing – its resistance to flowing – is called its viscosity.
The greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid moves.
How might you change a liquid’s viscosity?

19. Conductivity
A material’s ability to allow heat to flow is called conductivity.
Materials that conduct heat well usually conduct electricity well, too.
Electricians often use a tool called a multimeter to see if a wire is “hot” or has power running to it.

20. Malleability
Malleability is the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering.
The opposite of malleable is brittle.
This doubloon was made by tapping gold with a small hammer and an item called a punch.

21. Hardness Hardness is the ability to scratch another item.
Moh’s Hardness Scale is used to check the hardness of various items against known constants.

22. Melting Point and Boiling Point
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is called the melting point. The temperature at which the substance boils is its boiling point.
As the Earth’s temperature rises the polar ice caps are melting.

23. Density
Density, you recall, is a ratio of an objects mass per unit of volume.
The various substances in this density column can be poured on top of one another to create distinct layers because their densities are different. The lower densities are on top / floating.

24. Using Physical Properties
Physical properties can be used to identify materials.
They can also be used to choose proper materials for different jobs.
Water boils at a known temperature.
You probably don’t want to use rubber for the wires in your house, it doesn’t conduct very well.

25. Separating Mixtures
Filtration is a process that separates materials based on the size of their particles.

26. Separating Mixtures
Distillation is a process that separates the substances in a solution based on their boiling points.
A substance can be boiled out of a mixture in a process known as distillation.

27. Recognizing Physical Changes
A physical change occurs when some of the properties of a material change, but the substances in the material remain the same.

28. Section 3
Chemical Properties
Pages 54-61

29. Observing Chemical Properties
A chemical property is any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter.
Chemical properties can be observed only when the substances in a sample of matter are changing into different substances.

30. Flammability
Flammability is a material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen.

31. Reactivity
The property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances is reactivity.

32. Recognizing Chemical Changes
A chemical change occurs when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances.
Three common types of evidence for a chemical change are a change in color, the production of a gas, and the formation of a precipitate.

33. Change in Color

34. Production of a Gas

35. Formation of a Precipitate
Any solid that forms from a liquid mixture is called a precipitate.

36. Is a Change Chemical or Physical?
When matter undergoes a chemical change, the composition of the matter changes. When matter undergoes a physical change, the composition of the matter remains the same.