1. Tenth Amendment Reserved Powers By: Anton McClure

2. 10 th Amendment: Reserved Powers “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” This means that: Federal government power is limited to what’s in the constitution any powers not specifically given to the federal government will go to the state or people

3. About the Amendment Similar to a section in the Articles of Confederation "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled." Ratified on December 15, 1791 Expresses basic principles of federalism Framers wanted to protect state and citizen rights

4. Who created it and why Created to protect state and citizen freedom Was necessary for when the U.S. was new Supporters were both federalists and non-federalists Several states were willing to have it amended to the constitution

5. Changes Any power not mentioned in the constitution goes to the states and people. Examples Speed limit Gambling (Marriage – before June 26, 2015 Supreme Court ruling)

6. Consequences Less power for the federal government States may abuse power States would try to make their own decisions Examples Trying to keep “separate but equal” Some states having same-sex marriage and/or abortion legal while other states banned either one or both

7. United States v. Sprague Argued that the 10 th amendment didn’t add anything to the constitution "The Tenth Amendment added nothing to the Constitution as originally ratified, and lends no support to the contention that the people did not delegate this power to Congress in matters affecting their own personal liberty.”

8. Sources https://www.law.cornell.edu/anncon/html/amdt10_user.html http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CONAN-1992/html/GPO- CONAN-1992-10-11.htmhttp://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CONAN-1992/html/GPO- CONAN-1992-10-11.htm http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcrip t.htmlhttp://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcrip t.html http://tenthamendmentcenter.com/about/about-the-tenth- amendmenthttp://tenthamendmentcenter.com/about/about-the-tenth- amendment