1. Organization of the Executive Branch http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~dpadman/Spring-2004/White-House.jpg http://history.nasa.gov/rogersrep/seal.jpg http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president_obama/

2. Executive Branch Basics Law-enforcing branch of government- carries out the laws that Congress passes Gets its power from Article II of the Constitution Headed by the President Made up of millions of government workers who help carry out the laws passed by Congress

3. Executive Office of the President (EOP) This office is often called the President’s administration The EOP helps the president do his job Currently it has almost 2,000 employees who do a variety of things such as preparing reports for the president, help write ideas for bills to send to Congress, and oversee work of different agencies within the executive branch http://www.ndu.edu/nwc/nwcCLIPARt/INTERAGENCY/Ofc-of-the-President/2LogoExecOfcPresident02.gif

4. The Executive Office of the President (EOP) includes… White House Office Office of Management and Budget National Security Council Office of Administration Council of Economic Advisors Office of the U.S. Trade Representative Council on Environmental Quality Office of Science and Technology Policy Office of National Drug Control Policy President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board

5. http://school.cottondew.net/USGovernment/images/BookScans/ExecutiveOfficeOfThePresident.jpg

6. White House Office One of the most important parts of the EOP Consists of around 500 people that work directly for the president 10-12 are his closest political advisors The most powerful is called the President’s Chief of Staff

7. Current White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/cabinet.html

8. The White House Office Other advisors are the deputy chief of staff, assistant for domestic affairs, the lawyer for the president, an appointments secretary, public relations assistant, legislative affairs assistant, and the press secretary These people make up the White House staff

9. White House Office The main purpose of this office is to screen or filter the flow of information and people trying to reach the president Presidents could not possibly respond to every phone call, email, visit, or message so the most important are allowed through and the others are responded to by members of the White House Office staff

10. White House Office The following are offices included under the White House Office: Domestic Policy Council Homeland Security Council National Economic Council Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives Office of the First Lady Office of National AIDS Policy Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board USA Freedom Corps White House Fellows Office White House Military Office

11. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) This agency prepares the federal budget This looks at money and revenue coming in and how it will be spent It also monitors spending in hundreds of government agencies This office helps the president prepare the budget and goals for the coming year

12. Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Current Director, Peter R. Orszag http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/

13. National Security Council (NSC) This helps the president coordinate U.S. military and foreign policy It helps create foreign policy and has the key goal of protecting national security Its members include the Vice President, Secretaries of State and Defense, and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, which is a group made up of the top commander from each of the armed services

14. National Security Council (NSC) The National Security Adviser heads the NSC The NSC also supervises the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) President Bush meeting with the NSC in 2006 http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/07/images/20060705_d-0085-2-515h.jpg

15. Office of Administration This office provides administrative services to all of the executive offices of the president. The services include financial management and information technology support, human resources management, library and research assistance, facilities management, procurement, printing and graphics support, security, and mail and messenger operations

16. Council of Economic Advisors This council helps the President carry out his role as economic leader It has three members, appointed by the president and approve by the Senate They give the president advice on economic matters such as tax policy, inflation, foreign trade, domestic trade, and employment

17. The President’s Cabinet This is a group of the president’s advisors that includes the heads of the 15 executive departments The Vice President and other top officials are also often asked to join The cabinet is not mentioned in the Constitution, but Washington established the tradition of having a cabinet as first president back in the 1700s and every president since has used one

18. President Obama and his cabinet http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/

19. http://clinton2.nara.gov/WH/Cabinet/images/cabinet.gif The Dept. of Homeland Security is the most recently added dept.

20. Cabinet Responsibilities The heads of the depts. are called secretaries (except the head of the Dept. of Justice is referred to as the Attorney General). These dept. heads advise the president on issues related to their depts. They often make important policy decisions and have special expertise in their area. The president appoints them and the Senate must approve them.

21. Cabinet Responsibilities Some presidents have relied heavily on their cabinets. Some presidents have not. They meet as often as the president requires.

22. Federal Bureaucracy Below the executive depts. are hundreds of agencies that deal with a wide variety of issues. Almost 3 million civilians work in these many departments and agencies. Altogether, the employees of the executive branch are called the federal bureaucracy. The workers are called bureaucrats, meaning civil servants (servants of the people).

23. 3 main jobs of the Federal Bureaucracy 1.They turn new laws into action by deciding how to apply the laws to daily life- they carry out the programs and laws Congress has created -They take the laws and learn how to make them actually work in society

24. 3 main jobs of the Federal Bureaucracy 2. They administer day-to-day operations of the federal government -They deliver mail, collect taxes, run national parks, set standards, and perform thousands of other government services

25. 3 main jobs of the Federal Bureaucracy 3. They regulate various activities -They control and set standards for broadcasting companies, labor unions, banks, airlines, nuclear power plants, and many other organizations and activities

26. Independent Agencies There are hundreds of these under the executive branch They are called independent because they are not part of the cabinet They are not independent of the president though He appoints directors over these agencies with the approval of the Senate

27. Independent Agencies They can be divided into three basic types: –Executive Agencies –Government Corporations –Regulatory Boards and Commissions

28. Executive Agencies These are responsible for dealing with certain specialized areas within the government An example: NASA- the National Aeronautics and Space and Administration

29. Government Corporations These are like private businesses, except that the government rather than private individuals or groups owns and operates them. The president chooses a board of directors and a general manager, with the approval of the Senate, to run these. Like private businesses they charge fees for services and products, but they are not supposed to make a profit. An example includes the United States Postal Service.

30. Regulatory Boards and Commissions These independent agencies are unlike the former two described. They do not have to report to the president. He appoints members, with Senate approval, but cannot fire them. Only Congress can remove them through impeachment.

31. Regulatory Boards and Commissions They are supposed to protect the public. They make and enforce rules for certain industries and groups. Examples include the FCC (Federal Communications Commission), regulatory commissions that place limits on how companies operate, FAA, FDA, etc…

32. Government Workers Each Executive Branch department has thousands of employees. Top leadership positions go to political appointees- people who the president has chosen because they have proven ability or loyalty to the president. Their employment usually ends when the president leaves office.

33. Government Workers About 90% of national government employees are civil service workers. They usually have permanent employment. They are employeed through the civil service system- the practice of hiring government workers on the basis of examinations, ability, and merit.

34. Spoils vs. Merit System There are two main systems of hiring people: –The Merit System: government officials hire new workers from lists of people who have passed the test or otherwise met civil service standards. –This dates back to use in China centuries ago.

35. Vice President Vice Presidents tend to have little authority Remember John Adams’ quote: “I am Vice President. In this I am nothing, but I may become everything.” Over the past few decades, presidents tend to be giving more responsibility to their Vice Presidents such as making them key advisors on different issues

36. Vice President Joe Biden http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/cabinet.html

37. First Lady The Constitution does not mention the spouse of the President but they often have contributed to the President’s cause and worked tirelessly to serve the country in different arenas Nancy Reagan spoke out against drug abuse Hillary Clinton worked to improve health care Laura Bush promotes reading and education The First Ladies even have their own office in the White House and a staff to help them carry out their goals Michelle Obama has, so far, really pushed helping military families among other projects

38. Some of the First Ladies in U.S. History http://www.pbclibrary.org/images/firstladies.jpg http://www.whitehouse.gov/firstlady/