1. Hurricane Katrina: Gender Rolls the Rescue Pamela K. Morris Loyola University Chicago Presented to International Visual Sociology Association July 23, 2009

2. August 31, 2005

4. Race and class Gender perspective missing

5. Culture Rules for behavior (Radcliffe-Brown, 1937) System of design for living (Kroeber & Kluckhohn, 1952) Lens through which we view world as well as blueprint for how we function in it (McCracken, 1986) Culture is communication and communication is culture (Hall, 1959)

6. Social Construction of Gender Private/public space (Chodorow, 1974) Universal Asymmetry (Rosaldo, 1974) Different conversation styles (Tannen, 1996) Two Cultural Models (Maltz & Borker, 1982) Negative face/positive face (Brown & Levinson, 1979)

7. Gender in Mass Media More male voice-overs (Gilley, 1988) Men more often spokesperson (O’Donnell & O’Donnell, 1978) Men more active (Poe, 1974) Men occupations/women domestic roles (Courtney & Whipple, 1993; Gilly, 1995) Women decoration, sex objects (Bretl & Cantor, 1992; Sengupta, 1995; Goffman, 1979)

8. Method Newspaper – sampling unit –Chicago Tribune –Los Angeles Times –New York Times –Washington Post Photos – recording unit September 1 – 16, 2005

9. Coding Categories Men/women victims with or without kids Men/women/children victims only Men/women with children Men/women rescuers in uniform Men/women officials or rescuers

10. Results 586 pages –Los Angeles Times 202 –Washington Post 157 –Chicago Tribune 126 –New York Times 101

11. Results 1,000 photos –Washington Post 317 –Los Angeles Times 264 –New York Times 222 –Chicago Tribune 197 807 photos with people

12. Results - Men & women victims with or without kids – 266 -Men victims only – 189 (women only 84) -Children victims only – 38 Then

13. Results - Children with women – 35 (17 men)

14. Results - Men officials or rescuers (non-uniform) – 134 (37 women)

15. Results - Men rescuers in uniform – 112 (9 women)

16. Discussion Gender stereotypes communicated across media Shortcoming for society Need to look beyond stereotypes for whole person