1. Drowning
Katelin Benton
Griffin Simmons

2. Phases of Drowning Surprise Involuntary breath holding Unconsciousness
Hypoxic convulsions
Clinical death

3. Surprise Recognizes danger Near vertical position
Minimal to no leg movement
Arms at or near surface
Head tilted back
Rarely any sounds
Struggling to breath
Random Gasping
45 seconds to 1 minute

4. Involuntary Breath Holding
Dropped below water line
Initiates involuntary breath holding
Water has entered the mouth
Epiglottis covers airway
May continue to struggle
Usually no sounds
Victim loses oxygen
1 to 1:30 minutes

5. Unconsciousness Body is without oxygen Shuts itself down Motionless
Breathing stopped = Respiratory arrest
Sinks to bottom
No chest movement
Remain unconscious unless breathing is restored
2 to 3 minutes

6. Hypoxic Convulsions May look like convulsing Skin turns blue
Especially lips and fingernail beds
Body may appear rigid
Violent jerking
Frothing at the mouth
3 to 4 minutes

7. Clinical Death Final stage Breathing and circulation stop
Cardiac arrest
Heart stops
Organs no longer receiving oxygen rich blood
Skin turns blue
6 minutes and your dead

8. Fresh or Brackish Water
Water passes from lungs to blood
Hemolysis and dilution of blood
Abrupt increase in blood volume
2.5 liters of water = 3 minutes
Hypotonic

9. Sea Water Water drawn from blood into lung tissue
Severe pulmonary edema and heypernatraemia
Haemoconcentration
Salts from water in the lungs pass into the blood stream
Hypertonic

10. Findings Hard to prove wasn't accidental death
Eyewitness or physical wounds
What didn't happen
Blood in the lungs
Reminders of surrounding area
Water in the lungs

11. More Specific Froth at the mouth and nostrils
Water in stomach and intestines
Lungs = Doughy, Inflated, Spongy
Cardiac arrest
Pulmonary edema
Diatoms test: Microscopic algae, very unreliable, theory is that normal people do not have a significant number of them.

12. Postmortem changes
Postmortem lividity on face, hands, upper part of chest, lower arms, feet and the calves
Few hours: skin opaque and wrinkled (washer woman's fingers)
Few days: skin begins to separate
1 week: Bloating in abdomen, face, and genitals
1-2 weeks: skin peels off hands and feet
Contraction of elector pili muscles: Rigor mortis and cold
Decomposes at half the rate a body in the air does
Contact with underwater obstructions can cause damage

13. http://writeworld.org/post/50340132890/true-forensics- drowning-mechanical-asphyxia
Book/asphyxia/drowning
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