1. Computer Orientation & Packages Prepared By: AHSAN RIAZ Lecturer Business Administration Dept GC University FSD. Email: Ras4002@yahoo.com

2. Using the Keyboard And Mouse INPUT DEVICES

3. 3A-3 The Keyboard The most common input device The most common input device Must be proficient with keyboard Must be proficient with keyboard Skill is called keyboarding Skill is called keyboarding How keyboard works How keyboard works Keyboard controller detects a key press Keyboard controller detects a key press Controller sends a code to the CPU Controller sends a code to the CPU Code represents the key pressed Code represents the key pressed Controller notifies the operating system Controller notifies the operating system Operating system responds Operating system responds Controller repeats the letter if held Controller repeats the letter if held

4. The Keyboard 3A-4

5. 3A-5 The Mouse All modern computers have a variant All modern computers have a variant Allows users to select objects Allows users to select objects Pointer moved by the mouse Pointer moved by the mouse Mechanical mouse Mechanical mouse Rubber ball determines direction and speed Rubber ball determines direction and speed The ball often requires cleaning The ball often requires cleaning

6. 3A-6 The Mouse Optical mouse Optical mouse Light shown onto mouse pad Light shown onto mouse pad Reflection determines speed and direction Reflection determines speed and direction Requires little maintenance Requires little maintenance

7. 3A-7 The Mouse Interacting with a mouse Interacting with a mouse Actions involve pointing to an object Actions involve pointing to an object Clicking selects the object Clicking selects the object Clicking and holding drags the object Clicking and holding drags the object Releasing an object is a drop Releasing an object is a drop Right clicking activates the shortcut menu Right clicking activates the shortcut menu Modern mice include a scroll wheel Modern mice include a scroll wheel

8. 3A-8 The Mouse Benefits Benefits Pointer positioning is fast Pointer positioning is fast Menu interaction is easy Menu interaction is easy Users can draw electronically Users can draw electronically

9. 3A-9 The Mouse Mouse button configuration Mouse button configuration Configured for a right-handed user Configured for a right-handed user Can be reconfigured Can be reconfigured Between 1 and 6 buttons Between 1 and 6 buttons Extra buttons are configurable Extra buttons are configurable

10. 3A-10 Variants of the Mouse Trackballs Trackballs Upside down mouse Upside down mouse Hand rests on the ball Hand rests on the ball User moves the ball User moves the ball Uses little desk space Uses little desk space

11. 3A-11 Variants of the Mouse Track pads Track pads Stationary pointing device Stationary pointing device Small plastic rectangle Small plastic rectangle Finger moves across the pad Finger moves across the pad Pointer moves with the pointer Pointer moves with the pointer Popular on laptops Popular on laptops

12. 3A-12 Variants of the Mouse Track point Track point Little joystick on the keyboard Little joystick on the keyboard Move pointer by moving the joystick Move pointer by moving the joystick

13. Inputting Data In Other Ways

14. 3B-14 Devices for the Hand Pen based input Pen based input Tablet PCs, PDA Tablet PCs, PDA Pen used to write data Pen used to write data Pen used as a pointer Pen used as a pointer Handwriting recognition Handwriting recognition On screen keyboard On screen keyboard

15. 3B-15 Devices for the hand Touch screens Touch screens Sensors determine where finger points Sensors determine where finger points Sensors create an X,Y coordinate Sensors create an X,Y coordinate Usually presents a menu to users Usually presents a menu to users Found in cramped or dirty environments Found in cramped or dirty environments

16. 3B-16 Devices for the hand Game controllers Game controllers Enhances gaming experience Enhances gaming experience Provide custom input to the game Provide custom input to the game Modern controllers offer feedback Modern controllers offer feedback Joystick Joystick Game pad Game pad

17. 3B-17 Optical Input Devices Allows the computer to see input Allows the computer to see input Bar code readers Bar code readers Converts bar codes to numbers Converts bar codes to numbers UPC code UPC code Computer find number in a database Computer find number in a database Works by reflecting light Works by reflecting light Amount of reflected light indicates number Amount of reflected light indicates number

18. 3B-18 Optical Input Devices Image scanners Image scanners Converts printed media into electronic Converts printed media into electronic Reflects light off of the image Reflects light off of the image Sensors read the intensity Sensors read the intensity Filters determine color depths Filters determine color depths

19. 3B-19 Optical input devices Optical character recognition (OCR) Optical character recognition (OCR) Converts scanned text into editable text Converts scanned text into editable text Each letter is scanned Each letter is scanned Letters are compared to known letters Letters are compared to known letters Best match is entered into document Best match is entered into document Rarely 100% accurate Rarely 100% accurate

20. 3B-20 Audiovisual Input Devices Microphones Microphones Used to record speech Used to record speech Speech recognition Speech recognition “Understands” human speech “Understands” human speech Allows dictation or control of computer Allows dictation or control of computer Matches spoken sound to known phonemes Matches spoken sound to known phonemes Enters best match into document Enters best match into document

21. 3B-21 Audiovisual Input Devices Digital cameras Digital cameras Captures images electronically Captures images electronically No film is needed No film is needed Image is stored as a JPG file Image is stored as a JPG file Memory cards store the images Memory cards store the images Used in a variety of professions Used in a variety of professions

22. OUTPUT DEVICES

23. 4A-23 Monitors Most common output device Most common output device Connects to the video card Connects to the video card Categorized by color output Categorized by color output Monochrome Monochrome One color with black background One color with black background Grayscale Grayscale Varying shades of gray in between Varying shades of gray in between Varying from black at the weakest intensity to white at the strongest. Varying from black at the weakest intensity to white at the strongest. Color Color Display 4 to 16 million colors Display 4 to 16 million colors

24. Monitors Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Most common type of monitor Most common type of monitor Electrons fired from the back Electrons fired from the back Electrons excite phosphor to glow Electrons excite phosphor to glow Phosphor is arranged in dots called pixels Phosphor is arranged in dots called pixels Dot mask ensures proper pixel is lit Dot mask ensures proper pixel is lit

25. Monitors CRT color CRT color Phosphor dots arranged in triads Phosphor dots arranged in triads Red, green, and blue dots Red, green, and blue dots Three colors blend to make colors Three colors blend to make colors Varying the intensity creates new colors Varying the intensity creates new colors

26. Monitors CRT drawbacks CRT drawbacks Very large Very large Very heavy Very heavy Use a lot of electricity Use a lot of electricity

27. Monitors Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Commonly found on laptops Commonly found on laptops Desktop versions exist Desktop versions exist Solve the problems of CRT Solve the problems of CRT Fluorescent lights provide illumination Fluorescent lights provide illumination

28. Monitors Passive matrix LCD Passive matrix LCD Pixels arranged in a grid Pixels arranged in a grid Pixels are activated indirectly Pixels are activated indirectly Row and column are activated Row and column are activated Animation can be blurry Animation can be blurry

29. Monitors Active matrix LCD Active matrix LCD Each pixel is activated directly Each pixel is activated directly Pixels have 4 transistors Pixels have 4 transistors One each for red, green, blue One each for red, green, blue One for opaqueness One for opaqueness Transistors arranged in a thin film Transistors arranged in a thin film Animation is crisp and clean Animation is crisp and clean

30. Monitors Drawbacks to LCD Drawbacks to LCD More expensive than CRT More expensive than CRT Must sit directly in front of screen Must sit directly in front of screen Can be more fragile than CRT Can be more fragile than CRT

31. Monitors Luminescent Electro Displays (LED) Luminescent Electro Displays (LED) Similar to LCD Similar to LCD Uses phosphor to produce light Uses phosphor to produce light

32. Monitors Size of monitor Size of monitor Measured in inches Measured in inches Measured diagonally Measured diagonally Actual size Actual size Distance from corner to corner Distance from corner to corner Viewable size Viewable size Useable portion of the screen Useable portion of the screen

33. Monitors Resolution Resolution Number of pixels on the screen Number of pixels on the screen Higher number creates sharper images Higher number creates sharper images Higher number creates smaller images Higher number creates smaller images

34. Monitors Refresh rate Refresh rate Number of time the screen is redrawn Number of time the screen is redrawn Modern equipment sets this automatically Modern equipment sets this automatically Improper settings can cause eyestrain Improper settings can cause eyestrain

35. Monitors Dot pitch Dot pitch Distance between the same color dots Distance between the same color dots Ranges between.15 mm and.40 mm Ranges between.15 mm and.40 mm Smaller creates a finer picture Smaller creates a finer picture Should be less than.22 Should be less than.22

36. Data Projectors Replaced overhead and slide projectors Replaced overhead and slide projectors Project image onto wall or screen Project image onto wall or screen LCD projectors LCD projectors Most common type of projector Most common type of projector Small LCD screen Small LCD screen Very bright light Very bright light Require a darkened room Require a darkened room

37. Data Projectors Digital Light Projectors Digital Light Projectors A series of mirrors control the display A series of mirrors control the display May be used in a lighted room May be used in a lighted room

38. Sound Systems A type of output produced in the form of sound, voice or music is known as audio output. A type of output produced in the form of sound, voice or music is known as audio output. Speakers Speakers Important part of the computer Important part of the computer Capable of recording and playback Capable of recording and playback Annoy other people around Annoy other people around

39. Sound Systems Sound card Sound card Device between the CPU and speakers Device between the CPU and speakers Converts digital sounds to analog Converts digital sounds to analog Can be connected to several devices Can be connected to several devices Modern cards support Dolby Surround Sound Modern cards support Dolby Surround Sound

40. Sound Systems Headphones and headsets Headphones and headsets Replacement for speakers and microphones Replacement for speakers and microphones Offer privacy Offer privacy Does not annoy other people Does not annoy other people Outside noise is not a factor Outside noise is not a factor Headsets have speakers and a microphone Headsets have speakers and a microphone

41. PrintersPrinters

42. 4B-42 Commonly Used Printers Impact printers Impact printers Generate output by striking the paper Generate output by striking the paper Uses an inked ribbon Uses an inked ribbon Non-impact printers Non-impact printers Use methods other than force Use methods other than force Tend to be quiet and fast Tend to be quiet and fast

43. 4B-43 Commonly Used Printers Dot matrix printers Dot matrix printers Impact printer Impact printer Used to print to multi-sheet pages Used to print to multi-sheet pages Print head strikes inked ribbon Print head strikes inked ribbon Line printers Line printers Band printers Band printers Speed measured in characters per second Speed measured in characters per second

44. 4B-44 Dot Matrix Print Head

45. 4B-45 Commonly Used Printers Ink-jet printers Ink-jet printers Non-impact printer Non-impact printer Inexpensive home printer Inexpensive home printer Color output common using CMYK Color output common using CMYK Cyan, magenta, yellow, black Cyan, magenta, yellow, black Sprays ink onto paper Sprays ink onto paper Speed measured in pages per minute Speed measured in pages per minute Quality expressed as dots per inch Quality expressed as dots per inch

46. 4B-46 Dots Per Inch

47. 4B-47 Commonly Used Printers Laser printer Laser printer Non-impact printer Non-impact printer Produces high quality documents Produces high quality documents Color or black and white Color or black and white Print process Print process Laser draws text on page Laser draws text on page Toner sticks to text Toner sticks to text Toner melted to page Toner melted to page Speed measured in pages per minute Speed measured in pages per minute Quality expressed as dots per inch Quality expressed as dots per inch

48. 4B-48 Commonly Used Printers All-in-one peripherals All-in-one peripherals Scanner, copier, printer and fax Scanner, copier, printer and fax Popular in home offices Popular in home offices Prices are very reasonable Prices are very reasonable

49. 4B-49 Comparing Printers Determine what you need Determine what you need Determine what you can spend Determine what you can spend Initial cost Initial cost Cost of operating Cost of operating Image quality Image quality Speed Speed

50. 4B-50 High-Quality Printers Special purpose printers Special purpose printers Used by a print shop Used by a print shop Output is professional grade Output is professional grade Prints to a variety of surfaces Prints to a variety of surfaces

51. 4B-51 High-Quality Printers Photo printers Photo printers Produces film quality pictures Produces film quality pictures Prints very slow Prints very slow Prints a variety of sizes Prints a variety of sizes

52. 4B-52 High-Quality Printers Thermal wax printers Thermal wax printers Produces bold color output Produces bold color output Color generated by melting wax Color generated by melting wax Colors do not bleed Colors do not bleed Operation costs are low Operation costs are low Output is slow Output is slow

53. 4B-53 High-Quality Printers Dye sublimation printers Dye sublimation printers Produces realistic output Produces realistic output Very high quality Very high quality Color is produced by evaporating ink Color is produced by evaporating ink Operation costs are high Operation costs are high Output is very slow Output is very slow

54. 4B-54 High-Quality Printers Plotters Plotters Large high quality blueprints Large high quality blueprints Older models draw with pens Older models draw with pens Operational costs are low Operational costs are low Output is very slow Output is very slow

55. Types of Storage Devices

56. 6A-56 Describing Storage Devices Store data when computer is off Store data when computer is off Two processes Two processes Writing data Writing data Reading data Reading data

57. 6A-57 Describing Storage Devices Storage terms Storage terms Media is the material storing data Media is the material storing data Storage devices manage the media Storage devices manage the media Magnetic devices use a magnet Magnetic devices use a magnet Optical devices use lasers Optical devices use lasers Solid-state devices have physical switches Solid-state devices have physical switches

58. 6A-58 Magnetic Storage Devices Most common form of storage Most common form of storage Hard drives, floppy drives, tape Hard drives, floppy drives, tape All magnetic drives work the same All magnetic drives work the same

59. 6A-59 Magnetic Storage Devices Floppy Disk Hard Disk Tape

60. 6A-60 Magnetic Storage Devices Data storage and retrieval Data storage and retrieval Media is covered with iron oxide Media is covered with iron oxide Read/write head is a magnet Read/write head is a magnet Magnet writes charges on the media Magnet writes charges on the media Positive charge is a 1 Positive charge is a 1 Negative charge is a 0 Negative charge is a 0 Magnet reads charges Magnet reads charges Drive converts charges into binary Drive converts charges into binary

61. 6A-61 Data Retrieval

62. 6A-62 Magnetic Storage Devices Data organization Data organization Disks must be formatted before use Disks must be formatted before use Format draws tracks on the disk Format draws tracks on the disk Tracks is divided into sectors Tracks is divided into sectors Amount of data a drive can read Amount of data a drive can read

63. 6A-63 Tracks and Sectors

64. 6A-64 Magnetic Storage Devices Finding data on disk Finding data on disk Each track and sector is labeled Each track and sector is labeled Some are reserved Some are reserved Listing of where files are stored Listing of where files are stored File Allocation Table (FAT) File Allocation Table (FAT) FAT32 FAT32 NTFS NTFS Data is organized in clusters Data is organized in clusters Size of data the OS handles Size of data the OS handles

65. 6A-65 Magnetic Storage Devices Diskettes Diskettes Also known as floppy disks Also known as floppy disks Read with a disk drive Read with a disk drive Mylar disk Mylar disk Spin at 300 RPM Spin at 300 RPM Takes.2 second to find data Takes.2 second to find data 3 ½ floppy disk holds 1.44 MB 3 ½ floppy disk holds 1.44 MB

66. 6A-66 Magnetic Storage Devices Hard disks Hard disks Primary storage device in a computer Primary storage device in a computer 2 or more aluminum platters 2 or more aluminum platters Each platter has 2 sides Each platter has 2 sides Spin between 5,400 to 15,000 RPM Spin between 5,400 to 15,000 RPM Data found in 9.5 ms or less Data found in 9.5 ms or less Drive capacity greater than 40 GB Drive capacity greater than 40 GB

67. 6A-67 Illustrated Hard Disk

68. 6A-68 Magnetic Storage Devices Removable high capacity disks Removable high capacity disks Speed of hard disk Speed of hard disk Portability of floppy disk Portability of floppy disk Several variants have emerged Several variants have emerged High capacity floppy disk High capacity floppy disk Stores up to 750 MB of data Stores up to 750 MB of data Hot swappable hard disks Hot swappable hard disks Provide GB of data Provide GB of data Connect via USB Connect via USB

69. 6A-69 Magnetic Storage Devices Tape drives Tape drives Best used for Best used for Infrequently accessed data Infrequently accessed data Back-up solutions Back-up solutions Slow sequential access Slow sequential access Capacity exceeds 200 GB Capacity exceeds 200 GB

70. 6A-70 Optical Storage Devices CD-ROM CD-ROM Most software ships on a CD Most software ships on a CD Read using a laser Read using a laser Lands, binary 1, reflect data Lands, binary 1, reflect data Pits scatter data Pits scatter data Written from the inside out Written from the inside out CD speed is based on the original CD speed is based on the original Original CD read 150 Kbps Original CD read 150 Kbps A 10 X will read 1,500 Kbps A 10 X will read 1,500 Kbps Standard CD holds 650 MB Standard CD holds 650 MB

71. 6A-71 Optical Storage Devices DVD-ROM DVD-ROM Digital Video Disk Digital Video Disk Use both sides of the disk Use both sides of the disk Capacities can reach 18 GB Capacities can reach 18 GB DVD players can read CDs DVD players can read CDs

72. 6A-72 Recordable Optical Technologies CD Recordable (CD-R) CD Recordable (CD-R) Create a data or audio CD Create a data or audio CD Data cannot be changed Data cannot be changed Can continue adding until full Can continue adding until full

73. 6A-73 Recordable Optical Technologies CD Regrettable (CD-RW) CD Regrettable (CD-RW) Create a reusable CD Create a reusable CD Cannot be read in all CD players Cannot be read in all CD players Can reuse about 100 times Can reuse about 100 times

74. 6A-74 Recordable Optical Technologies Photo CD Photo CD Developed by Kodak Developed by Kodak Provides for photo storage Provides for photo storage Photos added to CD until full Photos added to CD until full Original pictures cannot be changed Original pictures cannot be changed

75. 6A-75 Recordable Optical Technologies DVD Recordable DVD Recordable Several different formats exist Several different formats exist None are standardized None are standardized Allows home users to create DVDs Allows home users to create DVDs Cannot be read in all players Cannot be read in all players

76. 6A-76 Recordable Optical Technologies DVD-RAM DVD-RAM Allow reusing of DVD media Allow reusing of DVD media Not standardized Not standardized Cannot be read in all players Cannot be read in all players

77. 6A-77 Solid State Devices Data is stored physically Data is stored physically No magnets or laser No magnets or laser Very fast Very fast

78. 6A-78 Solid State Devices Flash memory (USB) Flash memory (USB) Found in cameras and USB drives Found in cameras and USB drives Combination of RAM and ROM Combination of RAM and ROM Long term updateable storage Long term updateable storage

79. 6A-79 Solid State Devices Smart cards Smart cards Credit cards with a chip Credit cards with a chip Chip stores data Chip stores data Eventually may be used for cash Eventually may be used for cash Hotels use for electronic keys Hotels use for electronic keys

80. 6A-80 Solid State Devices Solid-state disks Solid-state disks Large amount of SDRAM Large amount of SDRAM Extremely fast Extremely fast Volatile storage Volatile storage Require battery backups Require battery backups Most have hard disks copying data Most have hard disks copying data

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