1. President James Madison War of 1812 War Hawks Battle of New Orleans Treaty of Ghent

2. The WAR of 1812 British and French Rivalries British blockade or seal French ports to prevent ships from entering Britain, France seize American ships, confiscate cargoes Grievances Against Britain –Impressment—seizing Americans, drafting them into British navy –Chesapeake incident further angers Americans –Jefferson convinces Congress to declare embargo, or ban on exports –Embargo, meant to hurt Europe, also hurts U.S. –Congress lifts the embargo, except with Britain, France

3. Tecumseh’s Confederacy –William Henry Harrison makes land deal with Native American chiefs –Shawnee chief Tecumseh tries to form Native American confederacy: –tells people to return to traditional beliefs, practices –Tecumseh negotiates British help

4. Harrison is hero of Battle of Tippecanoe but suffers heavy losses War hawks—want war with Britain because natives use British arms War hawks also want to take Canada for US expansion

5. In June 1812, Madison sent Congress a special message listing American complaints against Britain. the message asked Congress to decide the proper course of action. Congress voted the nation into the War of 1812.

6. For Madison and the War Hawks, the declaration amounted to a second war of independence for the new Republic. the United States moved quickly to mount an offensive against Canada. The plan was aimed at separating Upper Canada (Ontario) from the Northwest, thus cutting off the Shawnees, Potawatomi, and other pro-British tribes from British support. Unfortunately, the move ended in disaster for American forces.

7. Things went better for the Americans in the spring of 1813. Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry's victory over the British fleet on the southwestern tip of Lake Erie, We attack the Canadian capital city of York (present-day Toronto) and burn their capital building We send a force commanded by William Henry Harrison against the Native American leader, Tecumseh, at the Battle of the Thames River in western Ontario. Killing Tecumseh

8. Spring of 1812, the British have defeated Napoleon and turn all their attention to the US British Burn the White House –British burn Washington D.C. in retaliation for York, Canada –British stopped at Fort McHenry (Francis Scott Key pens the “Star Spangled Banner”

9. The Battle of New Orleans General Andrew Jackson fights Native Americans, gains national fame –Jackson defeats Native Americans at Battle of Horseshoe Bend – destroys military power of Native Americans in South –In 1815, defeats superior British force at Battle of New Orleans

10. The Treaty of Ghent Treaty of Ghent, peace agreement signed Christmas 1814 Declares armistice or end to fighting; does not resolve all issues 1815, commercial treaty reopens trade between Britain and U.S. 1817, Rush-Bagot agreement limits war ships on Great Lakes 1818, northern boundary of Louisiana Territory set at 49 th parallel Agree to jointly occupy Oregon Territory for 10 years