1.  In wikipedia, a peer-reviewed periodical in which academic works relating to a particular academic discipline are published. Academic journals serve as forums for the introduction and presentation for scrutiny of new research, and the critique of existing research  A journal usually contains decades of research papers which are submitted by scientists world-wide.  About 10,000 journals for various technical fields  Published weekly, bimonthly, monthly, bimonthly, yearly and so on Journals [e.g.] By searching journals with keyword “environment”, … Journal of Arid Environments Journal of Environmental Economics and Management Journal of Environmental Management Journal of Environmental Psychology Journal of Environmental Radioactivity Journal of Environmental Sciences Journal of Hydro-environment Research … Peer-review: พาร์ทเนอร์ ทดสอบ Scrutiny: ละเอียดถี่ถ้วน วิมังสา

2.  In wikipedia, a paper is an academic work that is usually published in an academic journal.  Papers must be original research results or reviews of existing results (review papers).  Review papers are especially useful for understanding the origin, history, the recent progress, and pending issues of a technical field.  I strongly recommend to read review papers if you want to grasp a technology quickly.  Process of publishing a paper in a journal Papers (articles) I A paper submission to a journal by scientists A journal editor sends the paper to referees The referees reviews the paper to decide whether to accept or reject A journal editor make final decision from referees’ opinions Publication Rejection

3.  Submitted papers undergo a process of peer review by one or more referees (who are experts in the same field) in order to check that the content of the paper is suitable for publication in the journal.  A paper may undergo a series of reviews, edits and re-submissions before finally being accepted or rejected for publication. This process typically takes several months.  Finally, a submitted paper is published in a journal as a printed form as well as a downloadable file in a website. Papers (articles) II Ms. Ref. No.: IJP-D-07-00379 Title: Cremophor-free intravenous microemulsions for paclitaxel (I): Formulation, Cytoxicity and Hemolysis International Journal of Pharmaceutics Dear Dr. Hyung Seok Kang, I would like to invite you to review the manuscript entitled: "Cremophor-free intravenous microemulsions for paclitaxel (I): Formulation, Cytoxicity and Hemolysis". Dr. Giyoong Tae has recommended you to us as a possible reviewer for this manuscript which is a part one and two. Please see the end of this email for the abstract which will provide you with an overview of the manuscript.

4. Process of developing a technology Scientist A pioneered a technology Scientist A studied more Scientist B studied other thing Scientist C studied similar thing Depending on the importance of the technology, scientist A could receive a prize. Each paper must have its own originality. Unless it does, it will be rejected or considered to be fraud(cheating)

5. Structure of a scientific paper  Abstract: complete but concise description of a work  Introduction  Discusses the results and conclusions of previously published studies,  Explain why the current study is of scientific interest.  Experimental  Provides all the methodological details necessary for another scientist to duplicate your work.  Specify all kinds of materials, operating conditions, analysis protocols, and etc  Results and discussion  Presents the results of the experiment, summarizing the data with text, tables and/or figures.  Explain what the results mean or why they differ from what other workers have found.  Interpret the results in light of other published results and related theories.  Conclusions  Summarize results and discussion into concise and tangible text, for further clarification.  Acknowledgement: specify organizations or people that provided funds or help for the study  Reference  provide a listing of all the published work cited in the text of the paper

6. Useful tips  If you want to get the information of a paper quickly  Read abstract and conclusion  For understanding the background information of a technology briefly  Read introduction  If you want to know more of background information  Find references indicated in the paper  For understanding details of how to do experiments  Read experimental carefully  If you want to be a real scientist in the field  Read results and discussion carefully, think over the results, try to draw an useful way to solve problems with your own speculation  The way of referencing a paper [e.g.]  Syviengkham, P.; Keoingthong, P. “Doping effect of polyaniline on photovoltaic efficiency of organic solar cell”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 200, 55- 58  P. Syviengkham, P. Keoingthong, “Doping effect of polyaniline on photovoltaic efficiency of organic solar cell”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 200 (2011) 55- 58 The authors Journal name, year, volume, pages Paper title The person who contributes more is placed at the head of author list. We could figure out that Phimmany contributed to this study more than Phouphiene

7. Structure of a paper Journal name Paper title Author affiliation A paper information: Journal name, volume, year, pages Corresponding author : all correspondence should be addressed to him, usually advisor professor

9. References They found some previous studies which are closely related to current study. The authors introduce the previous studies briefly, adding references.

10. The authors made sub-categories for explaining more clearly

11. Figure caption: shows a figure name and information necessary to understand experimental results. Figures are usually introduced to visualize qualitative results for better understanding. Tables are used to show quantitative results

12. Conclusions summarize experimental results intro concise and tangible sentences Acknowledgement: shows organizations and people that are appreciated for the study.