2. 1 THE OPTIMAL ROUTE SELECTION FOR THE TRANSMISSION MAIN OF A WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM USING GIS GUIDED BY MR. A V AJITH LECTURER CIVIL ENGG. DEPT. PRESENTED BY NAVEEN RAJ P S7 CIVIL ROLL NO 35

3. 2 INTRODUCTION  As the planning of water distribution system is carried out through complicated and repeated process,the researches have been tried to improve those processes through the better tools of geographic information and decision making support techniques in addition to mathematical and computational applications  The developed system can be applied to select a optimal pipeline path from intake source to multiple demand areas among various alternative routes by using GIS technique.

4. 3 FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THE ROUTE SELECTION  HYDRAULIC STABILITY  ECONOMIC PROPERTY  SOCIO TECHNICAL APPLICABILITY

5. 4 MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF GIS STUDY ARE  DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL PIPELINE ROUTE FROM AN INTAKE SOURCE TO MANY WATER DEMAND AREA  SITE STABILITY ANALYSIS OF WATER TREATMENT PLANT  HYDRAULIC STABILITY ANALYSIS & ECONOMIC EVALUATION ON THE PROPOSED ALTERNATIVES OF WATER SUPPLY PLANNING

6. 5 LAYING OF PIPELINE ALONG SELECTED ALIGNMENT

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12. 11 WHAT GIS DOESN'T MEAN? The colorful mapping capabilities of GIS make many people think that geographic information systems are simply computerized maps. They are not. They are much more. Although they can make maps, and much of their output is displayed as maps, The colorful mapping capabilities of GIS make many people think that geographic information systems are simply computerized maps. They are not. They are much more. Although they can make maps, and much of their output is displayed as maps, that is not their principal purpose.First and foremost, that is not their principal purpose.First and foremost, they are information integration systems. Being based on geography has proven to make them particularly powerful for many governmental and other uses. they are information integration systems. Being based on geography has proven to make them particularly powerful for many governmental and other uses.

13. 12 THE GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) THE GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) DEFINITION DEFINITION A Geographic Information System(GIS) is defined A Geographic Information System(GIS) is defined as a system for entering,storing, manipulating,analyzing and as a system for entering,storing, manipulating,analyzing and displaying geographic or spatial data. These datas are displaying geographic or spatial data. These datas are represented by points,lines and polygons along with their represented by points,lines and polygons along with their associated attributes such as characteristics of the features associated attributes such as characteristics of the features which the points,lines and polygons represent. Technically,GIS which the points,lines and polygons represent. Technically,GIS includes mapping software and its application with includes mapping software and its application with remote sensing,land surveying,aerial remote sensing,land surveying,aerial photography,mathematics,photogrammetry,geography and photography,mathematics,photogrammetry,geography and tools that can be implemented with GIS software. tools that can be implemented with GIS software.

14. 13 SOFTWARES USED IN GIS  Gramm++( indigenous )  MapInfo  ArcInfo ArcGIS  Bentley  Intergraph  Microstation descrates  Envey  Geomatica  Erdas

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16. 15 USES OF GIS IN WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM  Better land use Incorporate new water supply system and identify changes.  Add infrastructure information on locations of head works,treatment works,pipeline,reservoirs etc.  Enables to perform trend analysis in water supply.  Tracks impacts of various land uses on water supply.  Produces intelligent maps and graphics that allow viewing data concerning water supply system.  Add information like zoning and detailed land use.  Help in developing strategies for protecting water quality,overlay zoning,institution of best management practice etc.  Incorporate background information like geology etc.  Helps to make decision

17. 16 OTHER AREA OF APPLICATIONS OF GIS AGRICULTURE  Acreage Crop estimation  Soil analysis and conservation  Land use mapping  Harvest scheduling  Pollution and erosion management  Irrigation management

18. 17 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT  Forest resource management  Environmental impact assessment  Wasteland development  Wetland conservation  Change detection  Endangered species mapping  Environmental monitoring

19. 18 TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT  Transportation planning  Optimal route identification  Traffic management  Road layout planning

20. 19 OTHER AREAS  Automated mapping / Fascilities management  Crime tracking and analysis  Market assessment  Fascility optimization etc.

21. 20 METHODOLOGY / STEPS INVOLVED  Initial selection of pipeline route alternatives by using GIS  Route selection process summary  GIS as a route selection tool  Pipeline segment analysis  The non cost factors to be considered in study area  Pipeline cost factors

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25. 24 INITIAL SELECTION OF PIPELINE ROUTE ALTERNATIVES BY USING GIS The idea of developing a process to The idea of developing a process to select an optimum pipeline alignment between select an optimum pipeline alignment between two points encounters some basic issues. They two points encounters some basic issues. They are cost,availability of land,and public are cost,availability of land,and public concerns in the communities through the concerns in the communities through the pipelines are aligned. pipelines are aligned.

26. 25 ROUTE SELECTION PROCESS SUMMARY The logical process by which the alignment should be selected must be based on construction costs as well as important non cost issues. The fundamental concepts selected for the present study is The logical process by which the alignment should be selected must be based on construction costs as well as important non cost issues. The fundamental concepts selected for the present study is  A study area was defined to encompass the entire region through which the pipe line may be located.  All possible alignments for the pipeline were considered before eliminating alternatives.

27. 26 GIS AS A ROUTE SELECTION TOOL GIS technology is ideally suited for a pipeline route selection because GIS technology is ideally suited for a pipeline route selection because  Extremely large amount of data that can be managed for a large sized project.  It involves a large amount of digital mapping of physical,political and topographical features,physical features such as roads,utilities and canals.  It helps to quickly determine the optimum route between two points based upon cost,actual length,ease of construction or any other factor. After establishing each of the alignment alternatives GIS software can also be used for ranking the alternatives on basis of comparative length and associated cost.

28. 27 PIPELINE SEGMENT ANALYSIS This include the analysis of the selected alternatives. Analysis include the following tasks. This include the analysis of the selected alternatives. Analysis include the following tasks.  Define the boundaries of project study area  Identifying all the reasonable pipeline segments within the area  Rating of the segments with respect to cost,difficulty of construction,utility congestion etc.  Developing a long list of pipeline route alternatives from the network of segments.

29. 28 THE NON COST FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN AREA  Constructibility  System compatibility  Community Disruption  Traffic and Transportation  Utility conflicts  Seismic and Geological Considerations  Environmental concerns  Permit issues  Right of way issues and land use

30. 29 PIPELINE COST FACTORS  Urban rating:Type and traffic congestion associated with street on which pipeline will be constructed.  Utility congestion rating:The utilities that will potentially conflict with pipeline during construction.  ROW width:Available width of pipeline construction area.  Presence of rocks,boulders etc. along the alignment.  The river crossings  The bridge crossings  Rail,road crossings

31. 30 LIMITATIONS OF GIS  Lack of awareness of existing data sets.  Lack of or inadequate metadata(information about data).  Lack of uniform policies on access, cost,  recovery, revenue generation, and pricing.  Lack of uniform policies regarding data ownership,maintenance, and liability.  Absence of tools and guidelines for sharing

32. 31 CONCLUSION  Geographic Information making tool for water supply system System(GIS) can serve as a powerful analytic and decision making tool.  GIS have a wide range of use. Water Supply can use GIS in conjunction with the source water assessments to help protect the various water supply system  Furthermore,it can also be used for management and to test consequences of development.

33. 32 REFERENCES  Jason Luettinger,Thayne Clark, “Geographic Information System based Pipeline Route Selection Process”,ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,Vol.131,No.3,pp.193-199,June 2005.  Babayan,A.V Kapelan,Z,Savic,D.A&Walters,G.A,”Least Cost Design of Robust Water Distribution Networks Under Demand Uncertainty”,ASCE Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,Vol.121,No.2,pp.141-147,May 2004.  Sarakka,P,Eskol,”Optimal Routing of Pipeline”,Helsinki University of Technology.GIM 1999.  DeMers,M.,”GIS modeling in Raster”,New Mexico University 2002.  Anonymous,”GIS Lead to More Efficient Route Planning”,Oil Gas Journal, Vol.26pp.81,1993.

34. 33 THANK YOU…..