1. Helping Students Improve English Writing

2. Requirements for a good teacher:  A. A good mastery of English.  B. A good _____for the beauty in English and life.  C. A conscientious hand at developing students’ writing skills. eye

3. Requirements for students:  A. A passion to express their thoughts in English.  B. A good _____of accumulating native English expressions.  C. A love for the English language. habit

4. About writing

5. Contents Conclusion Introduction 4 1. What’s called good writing? 2. How to motivate students to write 3. Practical Exercises 4. Exam Tips 5. Additional advice

6. 1.What does the word ‘writing’ make you think of? writing

7. Writing for yourself  Read as much as possible.  Learn to observe everyday happenings.  Keep some precious moments in mind.  Follow your heart to put down what touches you.

8. Reading takes the lead  appreciation  reciting  writing Reading for

9. Example1 About the mood ( 关于心情 )  When you worry, your face will frown and that will let everybody _____. down

10. Example 2 About adversity( 困境 )  When adversity knocks on your door, how do you respond?  In life, things happen around us, things happen to us, but the only thing that truly matters is what happens within us.

11. Example 3 About students’ inner world( 内心世界 )  Although we seldom worry about money, we still have a lot of other worries, such as competitions among classmates and expectations from parents.  We have to face the fact that as time goes by, we begin to feel invisible pressure coming upon us.  We get up before sunrise and return home after sunset.  Our motivation is to get excellent marks and please our parents.  Friendship among friends, support from our parents and encouragement from our teachers can help us grow up as people.

12. 2. How to motivate students to write Cultivate positive attitudes 1 2 Promote practice 3 Emphasize useful pre-writing 4 Polish the writing and offer encouragement.

13. 1. Cultivate positive attitudes ---to get rid of negative self- evaluation; ---remind the student that no one is born able to write, let alone able to write well; ---remind him that "writing is power." Good writing can do anything from starting a war to getting a guy a job; 2. Promote practice ---Set up ways for your students to write a little every day: guided questions for reading assignments, quick summaries of the text, warm-up responses to blackboard questions, etc. ---Encourage them to write whatever they want, express themselves, and have fun with it

14. 3. Emphasize useful pre- writing ---Teaching good pre-writing skills is essential; Help students see that “prewriting just makes it easier!” ---pre-writing step: brainstorming, outlining, writing topic sentences or introductions, etc. No "final draft" needed. 4. Polish the writing and offer encouragement. --- Polishing the article face to face is the way to help students learn from their mistakes. ---Encouragement can help students realize that hard work will create better writing.

15. Suggestion for a writing process A. Pre-writing Brainstorming Clustering Making Lists Asking Yourself Questions Outlining B. While-writing Time Order Space Order Logical Order Grammatical structures, advanced vocabulary, coherent expressions. C. Modification Drafting Revising & Editing

16. Example(1): Everyone must have a use for his/her talent  Pre-writing: 1. Key words? 2. Brainstorm for one or two relevant examples 3. The beginning sentence? 4. How to conclude?

17.  Key words: everyone, talent.  Example: Susan Boyle

18.  The beginning paragraph: “The existence of flowers is to give fragrance to others; the existence of rain is to make plants grow better; the existence of sunshine is to give people warmth. This is like the old saying: Everyone must have a use for his/ her talent.” In conclusion, each of us holds a special place in this world…….

19. Sample version: …. (The leading paragraph) Susan Boyle was an unknown and unemployed Scottish woman. She lived alone with her pet cat and had no idea about her ability until her first appearance on the TV show Britain’s Got Talent. Her powerful voice and ordinary appearance made her an instant success. Susan Boyle’s story gives an inspiration and hope to many people all over the world. She was an ordinary woman, living an ordinary life. But ordinary people can still do extraordinary things too! …….(The conclusion)

20. 点评 (Comments) 文章开头新颖，能有效地利用排比句引出 主题。首尾呼应，例子选择到位。部分高级 词汇的正确利用体现了作者深厚的语言功底 和良好的语言驾驭能力，如： an instant success, give an inspiration and hope to 等 等。整体简明，句子之间衔接到位。

21. Always keep in mind: Who … Where… When… Why… What… How …

22. Time order:  First, …  First of all,…  Second,…  Third,…  Next,…  After that,…  Then…  Finally,…

23. Space order  On the right,…  On the left,…  In the center,…  In the middle,…  Next to the…,…  Beside the…,…  Opposite the ______,…  Near the ______,…  Under the ______,…  Above the ______,…  On one side of the ______,…  On the other side of the ______,…

24. 3.Practical Exercises Making Sentences (avoid Chinglish) A). Using sentence frames to make sentences It’s+adj.(kind/nice/good/clever/foolish/…) of sb.to do sth. I wonder if /when/how… I don’t think/ believe/expect/…(that)… It’s no good/ use/…doing sth. It’s said/reported that… and so on… B). Using phrases or expressions to make sentences Had better (not) … have an effect on… in great need of make a difference to and so on…

25. C) Integrating sentences Integrating sentences is an effective way to pick up skills in making sentences. It demands that we use conjunctions freely. e.g. (1) This is John’s fish. (2) It has no legs. (3) It has no arms. (4) It has a tail. (5) Its tail is large. (6)The fish is swimming. (7) The fish is in a glass bowl. (8)The bowl is full of water. ----This is John’s fish which has no arms and legs. It has a large tail. The fish is swimming in a glass bowl which is full of water. D) Using the same or similar expressions To train writing skills, mastering the same or similar expressions is very important. The same or similar expressions mean that we can express the same meaning in different ways. Practical Exercises

26. Some similar recommended expressions : 1. do some housework ---do some household chores 2. do some washing ---do some laundry 3. like ---be keen on / be fond of

27. 4. Christmas is coming.( 即将来临 ) --- Christmas is around the corner ---Christmas is drawing near. 5. do a lot of homework. （大量的） ---do masses of homework. --- do piles of homework. 6. （上课分心） be distracted from one’s lessons ---be absent-minded in class --- fail to focus on one’s study.

28. 7. （没必要干某事 …. ） Is it necessary to …? ---There is no necessity to… ---It doesn’t make any sense to…. 8.should --- ought to… / be supposed to… 9. can’t = be unable to / fail to..

29. 10. （生活有起有伏） Life is full of ups and downs. laughter and tears happiness and sorrow. Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times. 11. ____ ？ ____ is an attitude towards life. (Honesty / Saving / Working hard…..)

30. 4. Exam Tips TopicWriting Style Key Points Outline Read and examine the topic carefully & generate an idea to the point Decide types of writing, proper tense, persons, order, etc List main points, cover all the required points and do not omit anything Create an outline, write down main sentences, and useful words and phrases

31. Exam Tips Main body Modification Polishing Apply more grammatical structures and advanced vocabulary, effectively apply linking words Attention: 1)Use simple sentences; 2)Use more than one sentence pattern 3)Pay attention to voice and person 4)Make sure there is cohesion and coherence Improve the writing from aspects of spelling, pronoun usage, voice, grammar, punctuation, etc.

32. c) Correct grammatical structures a) Cover all required points or details (not a single point missing) b) Make sure words and expressions are proper and accurate d) Pay attention to context (coherent and consistent) Scoring points

33. Scoring: 影响给分的因素之一：作文的卷面 漂亮的书写是写作得分的亮点

34. Which composition feels more attractive, why? Neat / scratchy handwriting

35. 影响给分的因素之二： 文中所采用的语言材料 人靠衣装，文靠词装 A. 词汇的选择灵活新颖，出奇制胜； B. 句型结构运用灵活多变 ;

36. Which sentence do you think attracts teachers most? 1. Copying others’ homework isn’t right. 2. It’s dishonest behaviour to copy others’ homework. 1. I can’t buy such an expensive car. 2. I can’t afford such an expensive car.

37. Practice Find some similar words or phrases for the following 1. good 2. think 3.clever perfect excellent outstanding pleasant wonderful fantastic brilliant in one's opinion/view hold the view that … it is widely shared that … wise bright smart intelligent cute

38. 改变句子结构, 与众不同 1. 环保是我们的职责。 Protecting the environment is our duty. It’s our duty to protect the environment. 2. 你八月十五的来信我今天早晨收到了. I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning. Your letter of August 15th reached/got to me this morning.

39. 改变句子语序，实现句子形式多样化 1.He got excited when he heard the news. →________the news, he got excited. 2.The girl went home, because she was hungry and thirsty. →___________________, the girl went home. 3.I study Chinese, English and science at school. →_________________________________include Chinese, English and science. Hearing Hungry and thirsty The main subjects I study at school

40. 使用强势句式，增强语句表现力 1.We were glad to see the plants growing well. →_________we were to see the plants growing well! 2. Computers didn’t start to become popular until the 1990s. →It was__________________________________________. 3.A notice is saying ”Please Save Water” on the wall. →On the wall______________________________________. How glad not until the 1990s that computers started to become popular. is a notice saying ”Please Save Water”

41. 影响给分的因素之三：行文的流畅 上下贯通、一气呵成 正确而巧妙地使用好连接词 (Transition signals)

42. 1. 表递进 ２. 表转折 ３. 表因果 ４. 表目的 ５. 表归纳 and, then, also, besides, morever, what's more, furthermore, in addition, more than that... but, however, although,in spite of, after all, on the contrary, on the other hand... because, since, therefore, so, thus, consequently as a result/consequence, on account of... in order that, so that, for the purpose of... in general, in brief, in short, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole...

43. Example (2) 暑假即将来临。你班同学讨论了假期计划，提出不同看法。请根据提示写一 篇有关讨论的英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。 待在家中 外出旅游 优点 缺点 花费少，舒适方便 增长见识，开阔眼界 不能亲身了解外界 花费多，旅途不便 注意： 1 、短文必须写在答题卡的规定区域，词数 80~120 （不包含已写好部 分）。 2 、短文必须包括表中所列要点，可根据内容分段表达。 3 、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 4 、参考词汇：眼界 —horizon( 或 view) The summer holiday is coming. Our class had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.

44. …..Some students are in favor of staying at home. They think it’s both convenient and comfortable. What’s more, they can save money for other purposes. But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world. However, others prefer to go traveling, for it can enrich their knowledge and broaden their horizons. But they will spend more money and meet with difficulties while traveling. In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with housework. One possible version:

45. 小结 (Summary) ： 1. 作文的卷面； ----- 整洁的卷面 2. 文章的语言； ----- 丰富的词汇 3. 行文的流畅； ----- 流畅的结构 4. 文章的思想； ----- 独到的见解

46. Additional advice Set an example for the students by conducting classes mostly in English Create a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, a happy and relaxing learning environment Decrease the students’ anxiety Work in groups: cooperative learning Remind them to make sentences frequently and make full use of dictionaries Assign translation tasks Keep diaries in English

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