1. Hamilton Air Quality Trends Denis Corr Department of Engineering Physics McMaster University Lidar Workshop April 25, 2007

3. Hamilton Air Quality Initiative Clean Air Hamilton

5. How Does Poor Air Quality Affect Us? Human Health Impacts Odors and Eye Irritation Poor Visibility and Haze Property Damage Community Perception Issues Direct and Indirect Economic Costs Damage to Natural Ecosystems

6. Health Impacts

7. Sahsuvaroglu & Jerrett 2003 Health Impacts of Air Pollutants in Hamilton

8. Health Impacts in Hamilton by Air Pollutant Sahsuvaroglu & Jerrett 2003

9. Fine Particles and Pollutant Gases Impact Lungs Inhaled PM 2.5 reaches the alveoli. Oxides of nitrogen and sulphur react with water in the lung tissue to give acidic products. Ozone is a severe lung irritant. Fine Particles and Pollutant Gases Impact Lungs Healthy Lung Airway Inflamed Lung Airway PM 10 PM 2.5

11. Inversions

13. Air Monitoring

15. Continuous Monitoring Locations

16. Non-Continuous Monitoring Locations

17. Trends

20. Have Particulate Levels in Hamilton Improved? Source: 2005 Clean Air Hamilton Report

21. How do We Compare to Other Ontario Cities? Source: 2003 Clean Air Hamilton Report

22. Overlay of TSP and PM 10 Data for 1995-2005 Period TSP Data Range PM 10 Data Range PM 2.5 Range at City sites

23. Some Significant Recent Reductions in Pollutants due to Improved Industrial Controls Source: 2005 Clean Air Hamilton Report

25. Mobile Monitoring A i r Q u a l i t y M o n i t o r i n g S p e c i a l i s t s E n v i r o n m e n t a l ROTEK

29. NO ppb Wind Direction

30. PM 10

31. (Higher Impacts on Women and Over 60s) Exposure to Traffic and the Onset of Myocardial Infarction, A. Peters et al, NEJM, Oct 21, 2004 Traffic Exposure and Myocardial Infarction

32. Road Dust

34. Road Dust, Covariance 20xPM 1, 10xPM 2.5, PM 10

35. Road Dust/Trackout 18 Locations Monitored, 14 Sources Identified Street Resident Criterion – 50 ug/m3 over 24 hrs

36. PM10 ROAD DUST Ben Garden, Savas Kanaroglou, Pat DeLuca, Spatial analysis Unit, McMaster University

37. Road Dust Conclusions Survey for only short time period, in winter season, limited to specific areas. High levels of Airborne Particle Pollution due to Trackout/Resuspension were observed in 18 locations. 14 specific sources were identified. Resuspended Road Dust and Fugitive Emissions are very significant sources of Airborne Particle Pollution in Hamilton.

38. Source Apportionment

41. Traffic Modelling

43. High Pollution Triangle, Samples of Modeled Impacts of Traffic Pollutants, (Julie Wallace, Ph.D. Centre for Spatial Analysis, McMaster University) Julie Wallace, Ph.D., Centre for Spatial Analysis, McMaster University Traffic Modelling

44. East End High P10 West End 403 High NO

46. NO2 NO

47. The End