1. Parking Woes & Sustainable Solutions Megan Litke, American University Erin Stanford, Virginia Commonwealth University Anna McLaughlin, University of Maryland

2. Agenda Changing Parking Needs Biking at VCU UMD and Carsharing AU’s Occasional Parker Program

3. Shifting Parking Needs Reduced parking Construction Increased demand Environmental commitments Expanded public transportation and other alternative options Good Neighbors

4. Virginia Commonwealth University Founded in 1838. Large, public research university. Over 30,000 undergraduate and graduate students. 91-acre Academic campus and 52-acre Medical campus. Located in downtown Richmond.

5. Alternative Transportation at VCU Carpool permits: these permits are discounted over 50% for multiple riders in the same automobile RamRide: a shuttle service for faculty, staff and students that helps you travel safely and conveniently to, from and around VCU’s campuses. RamSafe: a shuttle service that will pick up faculty, staff or students between the hours of 8pm-6am, Friday-Sunday

6. VCU RamBikes Dedicated to promoting bicycling as a safe, fun, efficient and environmentally friendly transportation alternative for the VCU community. Full repair shop for students to work on their bikes Bike technicians are onsite, Monday-Saturday to assist with repairs and ask questions. Bike fix-it stations and compressed air are throughout both campuses, at no cost.

7. VCU Bike Share VCU students, faculty and staff can rent bikes through both libraries on campus. Starting in 2017, VCU’s bike share is expanding, via VDOT grant. VCU will be purchasing 100 bikes, that will be rentable via student identification card. City of Richmond has also received a bike share grant, we are working on collaboration between systems

8. University of Maryland Founded in 1856 Flagship institution of the University System of Maryland Largest university in Maryland & Washington Metropolitan Area 38,000 Students 10,000 Faculty and Staff 1,250 acre campus 4 miles outside of Washington, DC

9. University of Maryland

10. Carsharing is a service that provides members with access to an automobile for short-term — usually hourly — use. In 2014, carsharing membership reached approximately 1.34 million people in the US. Shift from “I own and use my own transportation” to “I access a menu of mobility options to meet my needs.” University of Maryland

12. Types of Carsharing Traditional or round-trip Carsharing : requires customers to borrow and return vehicles at the same location. Round-trip is the most common model of carsharing operation. One-way or point-to-point carsharing : allows customers to pick up a vehicle at one location and drop it off at another. One-way is the fastest growing carsharing model. Use of one-way carsharing in some ways resembles bikesharing, with drivers relying on it for first and last mile connections to transit and providers working to rebalance vehicles in areas where demand is high.

13. Types of Carsharing Peer-to-peer (P2P) carsharing : allows car owners to monetize the excess capacity of their vehicles by enrolling them in carsharing programs. While P2P represents the smallest share of the carsharing market, it has evolved significantly in the past year. Niche carsharing services : include Flightcar—a company that allows travelers to rent out the private vehicles they’ve left behind in airport parking lots—and closed-network carsharing systems that serve specific communities, such as apartment complexes or universities.

15. Carsharing Benefits Between 9 and 13 cars are sold or not purchased for each carshare vehicle. Carsharing members realize significant reductions in cost of living and increase use of public transit. More than 65% of carshare members take transit a few times a week or more compared to approximately 41% that are not carshare members.

16. Carsharing Benefits Carshare members often shed older vehicles and use new carsharing cars that are much more efficient - averaging 10 more miles per gallon and resulting in lower fuel costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Decrease demand for parking. Increase mobility options.

17. Carsharing at UMD 16 Zipcar vehicles at 7 locations on or adjacent to campus.

18. Carsharing at UMD 4 Enterprise Carshare vehicles at College Park metro.

19. Partnership with Zipcar o Discounted memberships for students, faculty and staff Carsharing at UMD

20. Partnership with Zipcar o Promotions and Marketing Carsharing at UMD

21. Parking Outlook Loss of 3,125 parking spaces by Fall 2018 Resident students will not be able to park

22. More Carsharing at UMD Expansion of Zipcar partnership Peer-to-peer carsharing

23. American University Located in Washington D.C, located 4 miles from the White House 1 mile from Metro 84 Acre campus 11,000 students, 3,000 staff and faculty Private, liberal arts curriculum

24. American University The Challenges Construction efforts removed nearly 900+ spaces instantly – down to 2300 spaces Pricing of parking passes encouraged purchasing monthly over daily Congestion Eliminate demand for additional parking in future construction

25. Process Hired transportation consultants to review AU’s transit options One recommendation was to revise parking fee structure – no incentive to sometimes take an alternative mode Established a parking task force o President’s office o Provost’s office o IT o Admissions o Kogod and SIS o Sustainability o Other groups who held large events

26. Parking Task Force Results Universal General Parking Permits reduced to either faculty/staff or student Implemented an occasional parker permit Recommended further work to encourage and provide alternatives

27. Occasional Parking Permit Daily parking (pay as you go) is $16 After just 6 or 7 days it was more economical to buy a monthly pass and always drive GOAL: Drive less, pay less.

28. Pricing Structure OriginalCurrent Structure 1-15 days: $5/day >15 days: must purchase monthly pass 1-5 days: $4/day 6-10 days: $5/day 11-15 days: $6/day >15 days: must purchase monthly pass  New parking management system eliminated the ability to have multiple prices for one product

29. Impacts Daily pay as you go parking down 50% Faculty/Staff passes historically level are down 8% First parking program with all positive feedback o Emails from across campus said they were happy the program was customer need focused

30. Challenges Monitoring parking capacity. Almost too successful! We need to investigate to find out how often people are using them, 15 might be too high of a cutoff. Might have created an incentive to drive for someone people since the pass is cheaper than metro.

31. Total Transportation Demand Management Many thanks to Dan Krusemark and Dan Nichols at American University. Ride Amigos ZipCar Metro UPass Capital Bikeshare Shuttle service EV Charging Stations

32. Contacts Erin Stanforth Director of Sustainability Virginia Commonwealth University eestanforth@vcu.edu Anna McLaughlin Assistant Director Communications & Sustainability UMD Department of Transportation Services annams@umd.edu Megan Litke Director of Sustainability Programs American University meganzl@american.edu Twitter: @greenAU