1. ENGLISH 2 Literary Terms Review

2. Theme The central message or idea in a work of literature. Theme is NOT the plot or main idea of a story – it is a statement about life that can be derived based on the plot. Plot is what happens – theme is what the events in the plot mean

3. Guidelines for finding and stating THEME Must be a statement, NOT a subject *Not “love” but a message about love Must be universal *This means it can apply to more than just the story at hand Must be timeless *This means not restricted to a certain time period Must be ageless *This means relevant to any age group and never grow old

4. Setting Time and place of a story

5. Mood vs. Tone Mood - Overall emotion created by a work of literature; can be influenced by setting (mainly in fiction/prose) Tone – author’s attitude, feelings or emotions (mainly poetry)

6. Characterization Process by which a reader learns about the character in a story 2 types: Direct and Indirect

7. Characterization Direct - the author tells us directly what he/she wants us to know about the character  Authors use direct characterization when they need to save space or time OR when they want you to think exactly the way they do about a character Indirect - the author REVEALS the personalities of the characters by their appearance, speech, inner thoughts/feelings, what other characters say about them, and their actions  Authors use indirect characterization when they want the reader to figure it out.

8. Character Types Round – type of character that is multi- dimensional and has many aspects and traits to his/her personality; a round character is like a REAL person Flat – type of character who is one-dimensional and may have one or two personality traits; can be summed up in a single phrase Stock – type of flat character who is one- dimensional and based on a stereotype

9. Character Types Static – Round character who does not change much throughout the course of a story Dynamic – Round character who does change in some way as a result of the story’s action

10. Allusion A reference in a literary work to well known places, people, or literature.

11. Allegory A story, poem, or picture in which characters, settings, and events can stand for abstract or moral concepts.

12. Personification Giving human characteristics to non- human things

13. Imagery Language that appeals to all five senses.

14. Metaphor A direct comparison between two unlike objects

15. Simile A comparison between two unlike things using the words “like” or “as”.

16. Symbol Something that stands both for itself and for something beyond itself

17. Alliteration Same beginning consonant sounds in words that are close together

18. Onomatopoeia When a word sounds like its meaning

20. The Big Picture Irony Verbal Irony Situational Irony Dramatic Irony

21. Verbal Irony The simplest kind of irony. You use it everyday when you say one thing and really mean another. It is often similar to a sarcastic response. Example: When you appear to be sick and someone asks you if you’re okay. You say “Of course!” But in the meantime you are vomiting and fainting.

22. Situational Irony Occurs when a situation turns out to be the opposite of what you thought it would be. Example: The teacher’s daughter is a High School drop out. The mayor’s wife gets caught stealing. A Tow truck gets stuck in a ditch. The barber always needs a hair cut himself.

23. Dramatic Irony Occurs when the audience knows something that the characters in the story, on the screen, or on the stage do not know. It’s like the audience is more aware of what’s going on than the people in the production. This is used to engage the audience and keep them actively involved in the storyline.

24. QUIZ next week on literary terms. Know definition and application (example).