1. NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY

2. Energy Use Five main purposes: Cooking Transportation Manufacturing Heating/Cooling Generating electricity to run machines/appliances

3. Fossil Fuels Created from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years. Includes coal, oil, natural gas Supply is limited Obtaining and using them results in pollution Need to find alternatives

4. Energy Use How do we determine what fuel to use? – Energy content – Cost – Availability – Safety – Byproducts Ex: Wouldn’t run an airplane on coal – would require too much coal

5. Energy Use – The cost of all goods reflects in part the amount of energy required to make and transport it. – In US, more energy is used per person than any other country, except Canada and UAE 27% transportation Japan & Switz have rail systems, and they are small countries – so this cost is low US & Canada – low gas taxes This leads to little incentive to conserve gas Japan & Switz: supplement with other forms of energy

6. Do Now – Go on Internet & find price of gas in : Italy England Germany France Netherlands

7. Do Now – Go on Internet & find price of gas in : Italy: $5.96 England: $5.79 Germany: $5.57 France: $5.54 Netherlands: $6.48

8. COAL Makes up most of the worlds fossil fuels reserves Relatively inexpensive Needs little refining after it is mined About ½ of electricity in US comes from coal plants

9. Coal Mining & the Environment Underground mining has little affect on the surface Surface mining sometimes removes the entire top of mountains to reach a coal deposit Waste rock can coal mines can cause toxic chemical to leach into nearby streams High-grade coal produces more heat and less pollution than low-grade Sulfur is a main source of pollution Results in acid precipitation

10. PETROLEUM Oil that is pumped from ground Also known as crude oil Found around geologic features like folds and faults that trap oil as it moves Accounts for 45% of commercial energy use

11. Finding Oil Most of reserves are in Middle East Others in US, Venezuela, North Sea, Siberia, Nigeria Exploration wells drilled in areas believed to have oil Determines availability and volume Once oil is removed, it is transported to a refinery which converts it to fuels & other petroleum products

12. Oil Refining

13. Oil and the Environment Burning petroleum releases pollutants Contribute to formation of smog Pollution may be reduced by technology like catalytic converters In developing countries, these technologies are not available, or not used Oil spills

14. Natural Gas Methane Used to be considered a nuisance and burned off New technology has allowed transporting it to be more practical Burns with less pollutants

15. FUTURE OF FOSSIL FUELS Demand will double by 2050 Cost will increase with demand Oil production from fields accessible by land peaked in 2010? Ocean drilling more expensive Eventually will run out