1. Resource Pack NEBOSH International Certificate Ian Harries CMIOSH GIFireE RMaPS © 2015 Ian Harries. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any storage retrieval system without permission in writing from the publishers.

2. NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Safety and Health (April 2015 Syllabus Guide v1) Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015 GC 2.2 Transport hazards and risk control

3. GC 2 Element 2 UNIT CONTENTS Safe movement of vehicles in the workplace 2.1 Driving at work 2.2 Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

4. Workplace transport hazards Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Knowledge check 2.1Safe movement of vehicles in the workplace LEARNING OUTCOME: Explain the hazards and control measures for the safe movement of vehicles in the workplace

5. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations In 2008/2009 workplace transport accidents accounted for:  45 fatalities  Over 5,000 injuries  Over 1,000 major injuries (serious fractures, head injuries and amputations  Third highest cause of workplace fatalities was being struck by a moving vehicle  A quarter of all workplace vehicle-related deaths occurred whilst a vehicle was reversing. GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

6. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations These accidents are usually caused by a number of factors, such as:  People being struck or run over by moving vehicles  People falling off vehicles  People being struck by objects falling from vehicles  Vehicles overturning  Communication problems between the driver and pedestrians. GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

7. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations A key factor in all workplace transport accidents is the lack of competent and documented driver training. In a HSE investigation into workplace vehicle accidents, it was identified that over 30% of dumper truck accidents on construction sites had resulted from the lack of training and competency of drivers. In this case common accident causes were identified as:  Driving into excavations  Overturning whilst driving up or down steep inclines  Runaway vehicles left unattended with the keys in the ignition and left running. GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

8. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations What are the main categories of workplace transport operation hazards  Moving vehicles as a source of harm to pedestrians  Driver error causing injury or damage whilst driving a vehicle  Loading or unloading vehicles resulting in an injury to the driver or other persons  Refuelling or recharging of vehicles resulting in fire and explosion GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

9. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations  Reversing of vehicles  Poor, uneven road surfaces including poorly drained surfaces  Poor, or lack of, directional and warning signs  Lack of barriers along roadways  Narrow roadways without passing places or adequate safe parking areas  Insufficient pedestrian crossing, with inadequate lighting and warning signs & signals  Non-segregation of pedestrians and vehicles. GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

10. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Types of mobile work equipment The HSE have identified that compact dumpers, agricultural tractors and telehandlers are mobile work equipment most at risk of overturning. GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

11. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Accidents involving mobile work equipment involve:  Poor maintenance of the equipment – e.g. defective brakes, tyres and steering  Poor visibility due to dirty mirrors and windows or loads which obstruct the drivers view  Operating on rough ground or steep gradients which causes the mobile work equipment to turn on its side 90 o plus, or overturn 180 o or more  Carrying passengers without the proper seating GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

12. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations  People being thrown out as the vehicle overturns and being crushed by it  Being crushed under wheels as the vehicle moves  Being struck by a vehicle or an attachment  Lack of driver training or experience  Underlying causes of poor management procedures and controls, safe systems of work, information, instruction, training and supervision  Collision with other vehicles. GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

13. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Hazards associated with how mobile work equipment are powered include:  Fire and explosions as the result of leaks coming into contact with ignition sources  Overcharging of batteries resulting in highly flammable hydrogen gas being generated  Asphyxiation due to build-up of fumes within poorly ventilated workplaces. GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

14. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Employees carried on mobile work equipment  No employee is to be carried out mobile work equipment unless it is suitable for carrying passengers  It incorporates features to reduce risks from wheels and tracks, so far as is reasonably practicable. GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

15. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Rolling over of mobile work equipment Where there is a risk of overturning, this must be minimised by:  Stabilising the equipment  Fitting a structure so that it only falls on its side  Fitting a structure which gives sufficient clearance for anyone being carried it if turns over – roll over protection structure (ROPS)  A device giving comparable protection  Fitting a suitable restraining system for persons if there is a risk of being crushed by rolling over. GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

16. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Self-propelled work equipment Where self-propelled work equipment may involve risks whilst in motion it should have:  Facilities to prevent unauthorised starting  Facilities to minimise the consequences of collision  A device for braking and stopping  Emergency facilities for braking and stopping if the main device fails  Devices to improve vision  Appropriate lighting fitted. GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

17. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Rollover protection  A cab or frame that provides a safe zone for the vehicle operator in the event of a rollover  Must pass a series of static and dynamic crush tests which examine the ability of the ROPs to withstand various loads and maintain the safe zone around the operator’s position  Meet ISO 3471:1994 and comply with the requirements of the Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations  Correctly installed by a competent person, and not modified once installed. GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

18. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Falling-object protection  Required where there is a significant risk of falling objects striking the mobile work equipment/driver  A canopy that is designed to provide protection against falling objects. GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

19. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Assess how effective risk control measures are Identify and evaluate hazards associated with vehicle activities, especially those where vehicles and pedestrians interact GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

20. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Well-lit crossing points for pedestrians Suitable parking spaces and passing places on narrow roads Introduction of a one-way system Evaluate the layout of vehicle and pedestrian routes Vehicles and pedestrians are segregated by physical barriers where practicable by: Lights, warning signage and signals GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

21. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Evaluate vehicle routes Are they wide enough for the width of vehicles present at the workplace? Are the surfaces well constructed without potholes? Are they free from obstructions and well maintained? GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

22. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Evaluate the suitability of safety precautions Roadways marked with appropriate road markings? Suitable directional and speed limit signage is in place? Suitability and positioning of mirrors at blind corners, traffic calming measures and barriers to segregate pedestrians and vehicles? GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

23. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Provision of safe and road-worthy vehicles Fitted with seats and seat-belts for all persons Are the dangerous parts of vehicles adequately guarded? Protection against the elements and/or roll-over protection Evaluate the layout of vehicle and pedestrian routes Can the vehicle be accessed and egressed safely? GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

24. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Checking the previous experience and competency of drivers Training and information on particular hazards Refresher training Evaluate selection and training of drivers, banksmen, etc. GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

25. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations How drivers actually drive in the workplace Do drivers safely park vehicles in appropriate locations? Are safe working practices observed? Evaluate how drivers & banksmen, etc. complete their tasks Are drivers, banksmen, etc. given sufficient time to carry out their tasks safely? GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

26. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Employees, contractors and visitors are aware of the workplace traffic rules Supervision, responsibilities and sanctions for unsafe acts are known to employees, contractors and visitors Consult with safety representatives to ensure GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

27. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations Introduce a one-way system, where possible Evaluate how vehicles are manoeuvring or travelling in the work place by Using road markings and appropriate signage that are clear to both drivers and pedestrians Using vehicle banksmen to signal reversing vehicles GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

28. Workplace transport hazards Knowledge check Mobile work equipment hazards Controlling workplace transport operations What are the physical feature of a traffic route in a workplace designed to ensure the safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians? What measures can be taken to prevent accidents when pedestrians are required to work in vehicle manoeuvring areas? GC2 Element 2 2.1 SAFE MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

29. Work-related road injuries Accident factors Managing work-related driving risks Benefits of managing work-related driving Knowledge check 2.2Driving at work LEARNING OUTCOME: Outline the factors associated with driving at work that increases the risk of an incident and the control measures to reduce work related driving risks

30. Work-related road injuries Benefits of managing work-related driving Accident factors Managing work- related driving risks Knowledge check  25% of ALL road accidents are work-related  AT LEAST 26% of all road fatalities are work-related  AT LEAST 17% of all road serious injuries are work-related  AT LEAST 900 fatalities PER YEAR are work-related  Around 20 fatalities PER WEEK are work-related  Around 250 serious injuries PER WEEK are work-related  It is estimated that 1 in 3 company drivers will be involved in an accident each year  Company car drivers are between 30% and 50% more likely to have a road accident than other road users GC2 Element 2 2.2 DRIVING AT WORK Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

31. Work-related road injuries Benefits of managing work-related driving Accident factors Managing work- related driving risks Knowledge check  Driving while highly fatigued, especially during the highest- risk time of the day (between 2pm and 5pm)  Using mobile telephones, whether hands free or otherwise  Eating or drinking whilst at the wheel  While under time pressure to reach meetings, make deliveries or reach destinations due to poor management and scheduling  While on a long journey after a full day at work  While searching for signs and directions in unfamiliar areas. GC2 Element 2 2.2 DRIVING AT WORK Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

32. Work-related road injuries Benefits of managing work-related driving Accident factors Managing work- related driving risks Knowledge check As with other aspects of health and safety, the management of work-related road safety should be organized as follows:  Policy  Responsibility  Organization and structure  Systems  Monitoring. …look familiar at all? GC2 Element 2 2.2 DRIVING AT WORK Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

33. Work-related road injuries Benefits of managing work-related driving Accident factors Managing work- related driving risks Knowledge check Policy Responsibility Organization and Structure Systems Monitoring GC2 Element 2 2.2 DRIVING AT WORK Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

34. Work-related road injuries Benefits of managing work-related driving Accident factors Managing work- related driving risks Knowledge check  Experienced and capable of driving the type of vehicle?  Valid licence(s)?  Was the driver’s licence checked as valid on recruitment?  Are they aware of company policy?  Written guidance?  Properly trained?  Additional training required?  Trained in carrying out routine safety checks?  Know how to adjust installed safety equipment?  Experienced to ensure safe load distribution?  Appropriate medical certificates for HGV drivers?  Regular eyesight test every 2-years.  High risk drivers should undergo a medical at regular intervals  Take a 15-minute breaks every 2 hours Specific issues relating to the driver CompetencyTrainingFitness & health GC2 Element 2 2.2 DRIVING AT WORK Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

35. Work-related road injuries Benefits of managing work-related driving Accident factors Managing work- related driving risks Knowledge check  All vehicles must be fit for the purpose they are used for  Company and privately owned vehicles used for work purposes must have a valid MOT certificate  Maintenance agreements to manufacturers requirements  Basic safety checks for drivers  Method for ensuring the vehicle does not exceed its maximum load weight  Appropriate means for securing loads during transit  Checks on fitted safety equipment Specific issues relating to the vehicle(s) Suitability Condition & safety equipment GC2 Element 2 2.2 DRIVING AT WORK Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

36. Work-related road injuries Benefits of managing work-related driving Accident factors Managing work- related driving risks Knowledge check  Seating should be ergonomically designed to ensure the driver does not suffer any ill-health effects due to inappropriate seating positions, driving posture, etc.  Securely and evenly stacked to prevent movement during transit or prevent overturning  Emergency procedures if transporting hazardous materials  Appropriate means of loading the vehicle and unloading at the destination Specific issues relating to the vehicle(s) Ergonomics The load GC2 Element 2 2.2 DRIVING AT WORK Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

37. Work-related road injuries Benefits of managing work-related driving Accident factors Managing work- related driving risks Knowledge check Specific issues relating to the journey  Route selected that are suitable for class of vehicle  Checks made on issues which may arise from the load – height and width restrictions, weight limits, slow moving, level crossings, built up areas, etc.  Takes into account the natural sleep cycles of drivers – most at risk between 2am to 6am and 2pm to 4pm  Must allow for suitable rest breaks to minimise the risk of fatigue  Drivers under management time pressure?  Can the driver make an overnight stay?  Are drivers aware of company guidance on when to take a rest break and duration? Routes Scheduling Time GC2 Element 2 2.2 DRIVING AT WORK Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

38. Work-related road injuries Benefits of managing work-related driving Accident factors Managing work- related driving risks Knowledge check Specific issues relating to the journey  Managers should satisfy themselves that drivers are not put at risk from fatigue caused by excessive driving hours without rest breaks  Employees given advice and guidance on driving in different weather conditions – e.g. snow, ice, heavy rain, high winds  Scheduling should allow for alternative transport to be used during adverse weather Distance Weather conditions GC2 Element 2 2.2 DRIVING AT WORK Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

39. Work-related road injuries Benefits of managing work-related driving Accident factors Managing work- related driving risks Knowledge check Driving risk assessment Identify the hazards Identify who can be harmed and how Evaluate the risks and decide on suitable precautions Record findings and communicate to employees Review assessment 1 2 3 4 5 GC2 Element 2 2.2 DRIVING AT WORK Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

40. Work-related road injuries Benefits of managing work-related driving Accident factors Managing work- related driving risks Knowledge check GC2 Element 2 2.2 DRIVING AT WORK What do you think the benefits of managing work- related road safety will be to an organization?  Improved control over costs, such as wear and tear and fuel, insurance premiums and legal fees and claims from employees and third parties.  Allows for informed decisions relating to driver training and vehicle purchase, and allows for identification of where health and safety improvements can be made. Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

41. Work-related road injuries Benefits of managing work-related driving Accident factors Managing work- related driving risks Knowledge check  Fewer days lost due to injury or work-related ill health  Reduced stress and improved morale  Less need for investigation and paperwork  Less lost time due to work rescheduling  Fewer vehicles off the road for repair, leading to reduced running costs through better driving standards  Fewer missed orders and business opportunities so reduced risk of losing the goodwill of customers  Less chance of key employees being banned from driving, e.g. as a result of points on their licenses. GC2 Element 2 2.2 DRIVING AT WORK Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015

42. Work-related road injuries Benefits of managing work-related driving Accident factors Managing work- related driving risks Knowledge check Delivery drivers regularly drive long distances throughout the year. a.What hazards are they are likely to be exposed to whilst driving? b.What control measures could be introduced to minimise the likelihood of drivers being involved in an accident? GC2 Element 2 2.2 DRIVING AT WORK Taylor & Francis | International General Certificate | October 2015