2. Fluid Power Control

3. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS # Learning Objectives : Upon completion of this chapter, Student should be able to …  Describe the various properties desired of a air medium in pneumatic system  Identify and appreciate the application of pneumatic systems in various Industries  List the basic components required for a pneumatic systems  Describe compressed air distribution system in a plant; and explain pneumatic circuits for different operations.  List the basic electrical devices for controlling fluid circuits; and explain their function, symbol etc  Compare hydraulic, pneumatic and mechanical systems.

4. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS ## Module: 01 Constructional details and operation of a reciprocating compressor Working principle and use of filter, pressure regulator, lubricator and silencer Symbols of different pneumatic components; compressed air distribution system in a plant Drawing pneumatic circuits for different operations.

5. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS What is meant by PNEUMATICS?

6. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Compressed Air … a vital utility

7. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Pneumatics …. application

8. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Application  New uses for pneumatics are constantly being discovered.

9. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Properties of Air Points to be discussed: A. Composition B. Moisture C. Nitrogen D. Physical properties E. Free air and Standard air F. Absolute pr = Gauge pr +Atmospheric pr G. Gas Laws

10. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Basic Components:  Compressor  Motor  Storage reservoir  Valves  Actuator  Piping system  Fittings

11. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Hydraulics - vs - Pneumatics : Working Substance Pressure Range Type of the system Leakage Valve operation Weight Lubrication Fire Hazards Power Source Automatic Lubrication

12. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Advantages of Pneumatic system : Low inertia effect of pneumatic components due to low density of air. Pneumatic Systems are light in weight. Operating elements are cheaper and easy to operate Power losses are less due to low viscosity of air High output to weight ratio Pneumatic systems offers a safe power source in explosive environment Leakage is less and does not influence the systems. Moreover, leakage is not harmful

13. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Disadvantages of Pneumatic system :  Suitable for low pressure, low force applications  Compressed air actuators are economical up to 50 kN.  Generation of the compressed air is expensive compared to electricity  Exhaust air noise is unpleasant and silence has to be used.  Rigidity of the system is poor  Weight to pressure ratio is large  Less precise. It is not possible to achieve uniform speed due to compressibility of air  Pneumatic systems is vulnerable to dirt and contamination

14. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Air Compressor : History, Definition & Classification  Based on principle of operation  Based on number of stages  Based on Capacity of compressors  Based on highest pressure developed

15. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Reciprocating Air Compressor :  Introduction  S Single Acting Single Stage Compressor  Construction  Working Principle

16. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Reciprocating Air Compressor : Analysis

17. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Reciprocating Air Compressor : Analysis Work Done In A Single Stage Compressor Considering Clearance

18. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Reciprocating Air Compressor : Analysis Volumetric Efficiency of a Single Stage Compressor with Clearance

19. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Reciprocating Air Compressor : Analysis FAD & Volumetric Efficiency FAD = Free Air Delivery

20.  Why MULTI-STAGE?  Pressure Range in Multi-stage.  Construction.  Working Principle FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Reciprocating Air Compressor : Multi-Stage Compressor:

21. FLUID POWER INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS Reciprocating Air Compressor : Multi-Stage Compressor: ANALYSIS Work done (min) for a N stage compressor with perfect inter- cooling: