1. Beneficiation Alan McKenzie General Manager: Technology 9 June 2016

2. Mining value chain

3. Different types of economies Primary productionManufacturingService / consumers South AfricaSouth KoreaEurope AustraliaJapanNorth America Developing countriesChinaDeveloped countries Sell raw materialsHeavy industrySell services / products MarginMargin MiningConsumer productsValue chain Resource vs. manufacturing based economy

4. Fight for employment and economic value All countries would prefer the employment and economic activity associated with the minerals sector in their country. This is an undeclared war.

5. Mining / beneficiation sector To develop a mining sector you need, –Mineral deposits –Money –People / skill –? Technology To develop a manufacturing sector you need, –Money –People / skill –? Technology

6. Groups of commodities Industrial minerals Bulk commodities Special metals Precious metals Energy AggregateIron and steelREE’sGoldOil CementCopperLithiumPGM’sGas SandChromeCobaltSilverCoal FertilizerVanadiumMagnesiumDiamondUranium ManganeseTitanium

7. Investment Mining and manufacturing are; –Capital intensive –Energy intensive Capital needs to be raised, particularly to support emergent suppliers / miners – transformation. How do we best attract investment – how to make Gauteng the first choice investment zone. Services –Electricity –Rail

8. Skills Skills development requires 2 components; Education and training –We need to develop more advanced education and training. R&D spend in South Africa is very low when compared to international standards. Maths and Science education is poor by international standards. This limits our ability to make an impact. Experience –We are educating many people who never acquire the necessary experience. Many graduates qualify but then fail to find employment. They do not acquire the experience necessary to make an impact on the sector.

9. Opportunities Small scale mining sector in South Africa. Research is taking place supported by national projects; –Fuel cells –Advanced beneficiation –Jewellery –Waste retreatment / urban mining

10. Thank You www.mintek.co.za