1. Properties of Matter
Properties of Solids

2. Properties of Solids include:
Hardness
Elasticity
Brittleness
Malleability
Tensile strength
Density

3. What is Hardness?
Hardness measures a solid’s resistance to scratching.
What is the hardest natural substance?
Diamond

4. What is Elasticity?
Elasticity is the measure of a solid’s ability to be stretched and then return to its original size.
It also gives objects the ability to bounce and to withstand impact.

5. What is brittleness?
Brittleness measures a material’s tendency to shatter upon impact.

6. Examples of malleable substances
What is Malleability?
Malleability measures a solid’s ability to be pounded into thin sheets.
Examples of malleable substances

7. What is Tensile Strength?
Tensile strength is a measure of how much pulling, or tension, a material can stand before breaking.
It’s an important property of fibers, cables, and girders.

8. What is density?
Density is a physical property that describes the relationship between mass and volume.

9. The units for density are grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3)

10. How big is a cubic centimeter?
Volume of a cube = l x w x h
If the sides are in cm, then the volume is in cm3.
1 cm3 = 1 milliliter

11. Because density is a ratio, it will stay the same for a homogeneous substance no matter how large or how small the sample.

12. Examples: The density of a copper penny is the same as
the density of a copper pot.
The density of a steel paper clip
is the same as
the density of a steel screw

13. What about the density of heterogeneous materials?
Are the densities of these pieces of cookie the same?
Which has the greatest density?

14. Is this information useful to us?
Density describes how tightly packed the atoms or molecules are in a substance.
Is this information useful to us?

15. Useful densities when fishing:
Lead D = 11.3 g/cm3
Depth fishing
Wax D = 0.87 g/cm3
Plastic D = 0.95 g/cm3
Fly fishing
Water D = 1.0 g/cm3
Fish laughing

16. Different objects have different densities
Objects with different densities will always interact with the least dense on top, most dense on bottom.
Which of these is the most dense?
Honey = 1.36 g/ml
Which of these is the least dense?
Veg Oil = 0.75 g/ml

17. Find the mass of the object
Determining Density
Step 1:
Find the mass of the object

18. Determining Density STEP 2: Determine Volume
We have 2 ways to determine VOLUME.
Measure
Cube = L * W * H
Cylinder = Πr2H
Sphere = (4Πr3)/3
Calculate Displacement
Displacement is how much liquid is moved out of the way to make room for the object placed in water

19. Determining Density Step 3: Calculate Density = Mass Volume Units:
For ruler: g/cm3
For displacement: g/ml

20. Manipulating Triangle

21. Find the mass of the object Find the volume of the object
To find density:
Find the mass of the object
Find the volume of the object
Divide : Density = Mass / Volume
Ex. If the mass of an object is 35 grams and it takes up 7 cm3 of space, calculate the density.

22. Set up your density problems like this:
To find density:
Find the mass of the object
Find the volume of the object
Divide : Density = Mass / Volume
Ex. If the mass of an object is 35 grams and it takes up 7 cm3 of space, calculate the density.
Set up your density problems like this:
Known: Mass = 35 grams Unknown: Density (g/cm3) Volume = 7 cm3
Formula: D = M / V Solution: D = 35g / 7cm3
D = 5g/cm3

23. Practice Problem 1 Osmium is a very dense metal. What is its
density in g/cm3 if g of the metal occupies
a volume of 2.22cm3?
1) g/cm3
2) 22.5 g/cm3
3) 111 g/cm3

24. Practice Problem 2
If blood has a density of 1.05 g/mL, how many milliliters of blood are donated if 575 g of blood are given?
1) mL
2) mL
3) mL

25. lecturePLUS Timberlake
Practice Problem #3
What is the density (g/cm3) of 48 g of a metal if the metal raises the level of water in a graduated cylinder from 25 mL to 33 mL?
A) 0.2 g/ cm B) 6 g/cm3 C) g/cm3
25 ml mL
lecturePLUS Timberlake