1. LEADING GROWTH AND COUNSELING GROUPS Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills 11 th Edition David W. Johnson Frank P. Johnson

2. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-2 Purposes Understand The Therapeutic Power Of Groups Know The Types Of Therapeutic Groups Growth Groups Counseling And Therapy Groups Self-Help Groups Understand The Unique Power Of Group Experiences Know The Importance Of Disclosing Emotions Understand The Qualifications For Leading a Therapeutic Group

3. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-3 The Goals of Therapeutic Groups Self-Enhancement Psychological Health Humanizing Relationships Interpersonal Effectiveness Self-Actualization

4. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-4 Reasons Most Participants Enter Psychological health – the ability to build and maintain cooperative relationships with others Purpose – to help members achieve behavioral and cognitive changes that increase their competence in managing their interpersonal relationships so they can lead more productive, self-enhancing, and fulfilling lives

5. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-5 Types of Groups Growth Groups Counseling And Therapy Groups Self-Help Groups

6. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-6 Growth Groups Focus on Emotional Growth, Improved Interpersonal Relationships, And Group Skills Types of Groups T-Groups Encounter Groups Human Relations Training Groups Structured Growth Groups

7. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-7 Counseling and Therapy Groups Focus On Increased Psychological Adjustment And Health Types Of Groups Psychoanalytic Groups Adlerian Group Psychotherapy Psychodrama Gestalt Group Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral Group Psychotherapy Existential Group Psychotherapy Person-Centered Group Psychotherapy Rational-Emotive Behavior Group Psychotherapy Reality Group Psychotherapy Interpersonal Group Psychotherapy

8. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-8 Self-Help, Mutual-Support Groups Voluntary groups whose members meet to exchange social support and aid in order to solve of deal with a common problem or condition Examples: addictions, grief, medical problems

9. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-9 Unique Power of Group Experiences Provide a more heterogeneous social setting in which to learn, master, and integrate interpersonal skills Generate a sense of community, belonging, support, acceptance, and assistance that eases the pain associated with therapeutic exploration and encourages risk-taking in achieving growth goals

10. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-10 Power of Group Experiences II Provide A Supportive Community For Change Inculcate Hope And Decrease Demoralization Function As A Microcosm Of The Real World May Induce And Then Reduce Powerful Feelings Provide a Variety Of Perspectives That Stimulate Insight Into And Understanding Of One’s Problems And Behavior Provide Multiple Sources Of Feedback Provide Multiple Sources Of Social Comparison

11. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-11 Power of Group Experiences III Provide Opportunity For Vicarious Learning Require Using Wide Variety Of Interpersonal Skills And Competencies Influence More Constructive Behavioral And Attitudinal Patterns Provide Opportunities For Participants To Understand And Help Their Peers Provide Resources For Gaining Self-Insight Increase Quantity And Quality Of Cognitive Learning

12. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-12 What Promotes Participant Change Experiencing intense positive and negative emotions, whether or not they are expressed Emotionally expressing positive and negative feelings toward other group members and about important life events Observing other group members having significant emotional experiences

13. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-13 What Promotes Participant Change II Inculcating hope, decreasing demoralization Decreasing participants’ egocentrism and increasing their perspective-taking abilities The self-disclosure, the realization that others have similar feelings, and insight into one’s problems

14. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-14 What Promotes Participant Change III Experimenting with new behavior and receiving feedback from others Seeing group members model constructive behavior and attitude patterns the participants wish to master Getting cognitive insight into one’s problems, behavior patterns, and attitude patterns

15. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-15 Skills Needed For Leading Growth Groups Establishing Conditions For Participant Change Being a Resource Expert Having Expertise In The Particular Approach Used Defining and Diagnosing Participants’ Problems Teaching Group and Interpersonal Skills Modeling the Constructive Use of Social Skills

16. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-16 More Skills Needed For Leading Group Groups Ensuring Opportunities for Self-Disclosure and Experimentation Providing Constructive Confrontations And Feedback Promoting Reparative Emotional Experiences Engineering A Problem-Solving Process Establishing and Maintaining a Contract Carrying out Executive Functions

17. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-17 Feelings, Intuition, and Conceptual Frameworks Feelings are sources of information but are not infallible Intuition is a preconscious process and may be helpful or misleading Conceptual Framework is a way of looking at pieces of behavior to make sense out of them An effective facilitator uses all three wisely

18. Johnson. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills, 11e. © 2013, 2009, 2006, 2003, 2000 by Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 12-18 Summary Therapeutic Groups Have Unique Power To Promote Personal Change There Are Different Types Of Therapeutic Groups Different Types Of Groups Use Diverse Approaches Participant Change Is Promoted In Many Ways Group Goals Include Self-Enhancement, Psychological Health, and Interpersonal Effectiveness A Group Leader Needs Many Attributes