1. Chapter 4 The Earth’s Ecosystems Section 1 Land BiomesLand Biomes Section 2 Marine EcosystemsMarine Ecosystems Section 3 Freshwater EcosystemsFreshwater Ecosystems Preview Concept Mapping

2. Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes Bellringer What is a biome? List seven land biomes. Write your answers in your science journal.

3. Chapter 4 Distinguish between abiotic factors and biotic factors in biomes. Identify seven land biomes on Earth. Objectives Section 1 Land Biomes

4. Chapter 4 The Earth’s Land Biomes Abiotic Factors Abiotic factors are the nonliving parts of an environment. Biotic Factors Biotic factors are the living parts of an environment. Biomes A biome is a large area characterized by its climate and the plants and animals that live in the area. Section 1 Land Biomes

5. Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes

6. Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes mammals, birds, and reptiles thrive on the many leaves, seeds, nuts, and insects.

7. Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes evergreen trees and many animals must hibernate through the cold winters.

8. Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes greater variety of organisms than any other biome

9. Chapter 4 Grasslands Temperate Grasslands Temperate grasslands have few trees, and many different kinds of seed and grass-eating animals. Section 1 Land Biomes

10. Chapter 4 Grasslands, continued Savannas A grassland that has scattered clumps of trees and seasonal rains is called a savanna. Section 1 Land Biomes

11. Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes are very dry and often very hot

12. Chapter 4 Tundra Polar Tundra In polar tundra, the layer of soil beneath the surface soil stays frozen all of the time. This layer is called permafrost. Alpine Tundra Alpine tundra also has permafrost. But alpine tundra is found at the top of tall mountains. Section 1 Land Biomes

13. Chapter 4 Section 1 Land Biomes

14. Chapter 4 Section 2 Marine Ecosystems Bellringer 9/29 What are some abiotic factors in marine ecosystems? Are these abiotic factors different from the abiotic factors in land biomes? Record your responses in your science journal.

15. Chapter 4 List three abiotic factors that shape marine ecosystems. Describe four major ocean zones. Describe five marine ecosystems. Objectives Section 2 Marine Ecosystems

16. Chapter 4 Life in the Ocean Abiotic Factors Marine ecosystems are shaped by abiotic factors including water temperature, water depth, and the amount of sunlight that passes into the water. Plankton Trillions of plankton live in the ocean. Plankton are tiny organisms that float near the surface of the water. Section 2 Marine Ecosystems

17. Chapter 4 Temperature Depth and Temperature The temperature of ocean water decreases as the depth of the water increases. Section 2 Marine Ecosystems

18. Chapter 4 Depth and Sunlight The Intertidal Zone The intertidal zone is the place where the ocean meets the land. The Neritic Zone As you move farther away from shore, into the neritic zone, the water becomes deeper. drops sharply The Oceanic Zone In the oceanic zone, the sea floor The Benthic Zone The benthic zone is the ocean floor. The deepest part does not get any sunlight. Section 2 Marine Ecosystems

19. Chapter 4 Section 2 Marine Ecosystems

20. Chapter 4 Section 2 Marine Ecosystems

21. Chapter 4 A Closer Look Intertidal Areas Intertidal areas are found near the shore. These areas include mudflats, sandy beaches, and rocky shores. Coral Reefs Coral reefs are found in warm, shallow areas of the neritic zone. Reefs provide homes for many marine animals and plants. Estuaries An area where fresh water from rivers spills into the ocean is called an estuary. Plants and animals living in estuaries must be able to survive in a changing concentration of salt. Section 2 Marine Ecosystems

22. Chapter 4 A Closer Look, continued The Sargasso Sea An ecosystem called the Sargasso Sea is found in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. The ecosystem contains floating rafts of algae. Polar Ice The Arctic Ocean and the ocean around Antarctica have icy waters, which are rich in nutrients. Many fishes, birds, and mammals live in this ecosystem. Section 2 Marine Ecosystems

23. Chapter 4 Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems Bellringer 9/30 Can you think of four different freshwater ecosystems? Which of these ecosystems are similar to a marine ecosystem or a land biome? Record your answers in your science journal.

24. Chapter 4 Describe one abiotic factor that affects freshwater ecosystems. Describe the three zones of a lake. Describe two wetland ecosystems. Explain how a lake becomes a forest. Objectives Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems

25. Chapter 4 Stream and River Ecosystems Water in Streams and Rivers The water in brooks, streams, and rivers may flow from melting ice or snow. Or the water may come from a spring. Tributaries Each stream of water that joins a larger stream is called a tributary. Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems

26. Chapter 4 Tributary, River System, and Drainage Basin Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems

27. Chapter 4 Pond and Lake Ecosystems Life near Shore The are of water closest to the edge of a lake or pond is called the littoral zone. The plants in the littoral zone are homes to small animals. Life Away from Shore The area of a lake or pond that extends from the littoral zone across the top of the water called the open-water zone. Beneath the open-water zone is the deep-water zone, where no sunlight reaches. Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems

28. Chapter 4 Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems

29. Chapter 4 Wetland Ecosystems Marshes A treeless wetland ecosystem where plants, such as grasses, grow is called a marsh. Muskrats, turtles, frogs, and birds live in marshes. Swamps A wetland ecosystem in which trees and vines grow is called a swamp. Water lilies and other plants grow in standing water. Many fishes, snakes, and birds also live in swamps. Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems

30. Chapter 4 From a Lake to a Forest Build Up of Sediments Water entering a standing body of water usually carries nutrients and sediments. These materials build up on the bottom of the lake or pond. Formation of a Wetland Over time, the pond or lake is filled with sediments. Plants grow in the new soil and the pond or lake starts becoming a wetland. The wetland then may develop into a forest. Section 3 Freshwater Ecosystems

31. Chapter 4 The Earth’s Ecosystems Concept Mapping Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide. land biomesmarine biotic factorsfreshwater Tundraabiotic factors biomesgrasslands

32. Chapter 4 The Earth’s Ecosystems