1. Chapter 4 CPR

2. Heart Attack and Cardiac Arrest A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue dies. Cardiac arrest results when heart stops beating.

3. Chain of Survival Early access Early CPR Early defibrillation Early advanced care

4. Performing CPR Check for responsiveness. Open the airway and check for breathing. Rescue breaths Chest compressions

5. Check for Responsiveness Tap the victim’s shoulder and ask if he or she is all right. If the victim is not responsive, have a bystander call 9-1-1. If you are alone with an unresponsive child or infant, give CPR for 2 minutes (five cycles), then call 9-1-1.

6. Open the Airway and Check for Breathing Open airway with head tilt–chin lift. Check breathing: Look, listen, and feel for 5–10 seconds.

7. Rescue Breaths Keep airway open. Give two normal breaths. Methods Mouth-to-barrier Mouth-to-nose Mouth-to-stoma

8. Chest Compressions (1 of 2) Two hands for adults One or two hands for children Two fingers for an infant Compression depth Adult: 1.5 to 2 inches Child or infant: 1/3 to 1/2 depth of the chest

9. Chest Compressions (2 of 2) Adult and child: center of chest between nipples Infants: just below nipple line Five cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths Continue CPR until: AED becomes available Victim shows signs of life EMS takes over You are too tired to continue

10. Airway Obstruction Partial air exchange Mild: coughing forcefully Severe: weak, ineffective cough Complete blockage: unable to breath, speak, or cough Common causes of obstruction Tongue, vomit, foreign body, swelling, spasm

11. Caring for Airway Obstruction (1 of 5) Responsive adult or child: Heimlich maneuver Abdominal thrusts just above navel Until object is removed or victim is unresponsive Chest thrusts for larger or pregnant victims

12. Caring for Airway Obstruction (2 of 5) Responsive infant Support infant’s head and lay infant face down over your forearm and thigh. Give five back blows. Roll infant face up. Give five chest thrusts.

13. Caring for Airway Obstruction (3 of 5) Chest ThrustsBack Blows

14. Caring for Airway Obstruction (4 of 5) Unresponsive adult or child: If breaths don’t go in Retilt head. Reattempt breaths. Begin CPR. Check airway. Remove object.

15. Caring for Airway Obstruction (5 of 5) Unresponsive infant: If breaths don’t go in Retilt head. Reattempt breaths. Begin CPR. Check airway. Remove object.