1. Latin America Independence 24.1 By: Brent Jones David Siebenberg

2. Late 1700’s people of the americas didn’t like the enlightenment ideas. The news of the French Revolution and the French ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity inspired many latin americans to work against their French, Spanish and Portuguese masters. Backround

3. 10 slaves for every master. Masters used brutal methods to terrorize slaves and keep them powerless. Most slaves worked on plantations under these horrible treatments. Treatment of slaves

4. French colony named Saint Dominque, now known as Haiti, occupied the western 3rd of Hispaniola. 500,000 Africans to 35,000 masters. In August 1791, an african priest named Boukman raised a call for revolution. 100,000 slaves joined in a few days. Revolution in Haiti

5. Toussaint L’Ouverture became the revolution leader with no military experience or diplomacy. He got the name L’Ouverture, opening in French, because he was skilled at finding openings in the enemy lines. Toussaint L’Ouverture

6. Conquered Spanish Santo Domingo, eastern 2/3rds of Hispaniola where he freed slaves. L’Ouverture agreed to stop the revolution if the French would end slavery. They accused him of another uprising, put him in prison in French Alps. He died there. What Toussaint L’Ouverture Did

7. On Jan/1/1804 he declared colony an independent country. First black colony to free itself from European control. Named the country Haiti, which meant “mountainous land” in the Arawak’s language. Jean-Jacques Dessalines

8. Social Structure:1. The Peninsulares men were born in Spain. Only these people could be in government. 2. Creoles were spaniards born in Latin America. 3. Mulattos people of mixed European and African ancestry at the bottom. Latin American Society under Spanish

9. Would go to Europe for education and come back with ideas from the enlightenment and ideas of revolution. Creoles education

10. Napoleon removed Spanish King Ferdinand VII and made his brother Joseph king. The people felt no loyalty to a french king because he was french. Creoles argued that when the real king was removed, the power shifted to the people. Napoleon’s Conquest triggered revolutions in Latin America

11. Simon Bolivar declared Venezuela's independence in 1811. He was sentenced to exile twice. He lead 2,000 soldiers through the Andes to Columbia. He defeated the Spanish in Bogota, Colombia where he met Jose. Libertadores

12. Declared Argentina’s independence in 1816. Lead an army across the Andes where he met Bernardo O’Higgins who helped him free Chile. Needed bigger army to draw out the Spanish, so he left his army in Bolivar’s command. Jose De San Martin

13. San Martin Died soon after giving his army to Bolivar. Bolivar went to defeat the spanish in the battle of Ayacucho on Dec/9/1824. The Spanish colonies in Latin America won their independence. LATIN AMERICAN FREEDOM!!!

14. Miguel Hidalgo started the revolution with belief of the enlightenment ideas. Gathered all the peasants around the church and issued a call for the rebellion known as Grito de Dolores. Hidalgo was defeated in Mexico city in 1811. Mexico

15. He took over after Hidalgo was defeated and lead the revolution for 4 years. In 1815, was defeated by Agustin de Iturbide. Jose Maria Morelos

16. In 1820 the revolution in Spain put a liberal group in power. The Creoles feared the loss of their privileges. Ironically Agustin, proclaimed independence in 1821 and was then overthrown in 1823 as Central America proclaimed their independence from Mexico. Mexico’s Independence

17. 1. Why did the revolution start in Haiti? 2. Why were the slaves successful in rebellion? 3. Why did they make L’Ouverture Toussaints’ last name? 4. Where did the people travel for education? 5. Also, what ideas did people bring back? Questions

18. 6. Why were they called Libertadores? 7. What contributed to the Latin American countries to fight for independence? 8. What weapons did the slaves in Haiti use? 9. What was the last country to become independent? Questions cont.

19. T extbook Crash Course Latin America Independence https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBw35Z e3bg8 http://latinamericanhistory.about.com/od/l atinamericaindependence/ http://www3.gettysburg.edu/~tshannon/hist 106web/site7/Latin%20American%20Indepen dence.htm Citations :)