1. The Revolutionary War in South Carolina 8.2.5 Summarize of the role of South Carolinians in the course of the American Revolution.

2. After the Olive Branch Petition King George sends 20,000 troops to the colonies… King George sends 20,000 troops to the colonies… ½ are sent to New York (Major port city in the North), but after Britain’s defeat at Saratoga, NY, the British turn their attention to South Carolina. ½ are sent to New York (Major port city in the North), but after Britain’s defeat at Saratoga, NY, the British turn their attention to South Carolina. ½ are sent to Charleston (Major port city in the South) ½ are sent to Charleston (Major port city in the South)

3. Revolutionary Flags “Don’t Tread on Me” Flags Join or Die Flag

4. Different Points of View In the early months of the war, most of the people in the Lowcountry were in favor of fighting the British and achieving independence. In the early months of the war, most of the people in the Lowcountry were in favor of fighting the British and achieving independence. Many in the Backcountry, especially the old Regulators, were not so enthusiastic…they still mistrusted the wealthy Lowcountry planters. Many in the Backcountry, especially the old Regulators, were not so enthusiastic…they still mistrusted the wealthy Lowcountry planters.

5. Key conflicts of the American Revolution took place in South Carolina and affected the outcome of the war.

6. Different Points of View Loyalist = an American colonist who stays loyal to the British and King George III. Loyalist = an American colonist who stays loyal to the British and King George III. Patriot = an American colonist who opposes the British and wants to be independent of Great Britain. Patriot = an American colonist who opposes the British and wants to be independent of Great Britain.

7. South Carolina’s New Government March 26, 1776 – South Carolina’s Second Provincial Congress (which replaced the royal governor), adopts a new constitution for the state March 26, 1776 – South Carolina’s Second Provincial Congress (which replaced the royal governor), adopts a new constitution for the state The leader of the state was known as the President of South Carolina The leader of the state was known as the President of South Carolina The first “president” of the state was John Rutledge The first “president” of the state was John Rutledge

8. The President of South Carolina – John Rutledge

9. The British Try to Capture Charles Town…Part One Early 1776 – Patriot Leaders in Charles Town hear that the British might try to capture the city Early 1776 – Patriot Leaders in Charles Town hear that the British might try to capture the city On Sullivan’s Island, Patriots under Colonel William Moultrie build a fort from palmetto logs to protect the city called Fort Moultrie. On Sullivan’s Island, Patriots under Colonel William Moultrie build a fort from palmetto logs to protect the city called Fort Moultrie. On June 28, 1776, a fleet of British ships attacked the fort On June 28, 1776, a fleet of British ships attacked the fort

10. Palmetto Trees along the SC Coast

11. The British Try to Capture Charles Town…Part One The British ships pounded the fort for hours, but the palmetto logs were soft and absorbed most of the British shots The British ships pounded the fort for hours, but the palmetto logs were soft and absorbed most of the British shots Meanwhile, the Patriot cannons severely damaged many of the British ships Meanwhile, the Patriot cannons severely damaged many of the British ships Eventually, the British give up…Charles Town is saved! Eventually, the British give up…Charles Town is saved!

12. The Battle of Sullivan’s Island

13. The British Try to Capture Charles Town…Part One During the battle, the flag flying over the fort was shot down During the battle, the flag flying over the fort was shot down Sergeant William Jasper jumps up and puts the flag back up on top of the wall Sergeant William Jasper jumps up and puts the flag back up on top of the wall He becomes the first state hero He becomes the first state hero

14. William Jasper at the Fort

15. SC State Flag Crescent- from the hats of the soldiers that fought at the fort Crescent- from the hats of the soldiers that fought at the fort Color- comes from the color of the Patriot soldiers uniforms Color- comes from the color of the Patriot soldiers uniforms Palmetto Tree- Put on to “honor” the spongy nature of the tree which helped absorb all the British shots Palmetto Tree- Put on to “honor” the spongy nature of the tree which helped absorb all the British shots

16. Crescent Color Palmetto Tree

17. The British Try to Capture Charles Town…Part Two For more than two years after the battle at Sullivan’s Island, there was little fighting in SC… For more than two years after the battle at Sullivan’s Island, there was little fighting in SC… …until the British decided once again to capture Charles Town …until the British decided once again to capture Charles Town Fall of Charleston (May 12, 1780)- Terrible Patriot defeat; the Patriot Army surrenders (5,000 men), Charleston harbor was blockaded and supply lines cut off. Fall of Charleston (May 12, 1780)- Terrible Patriot defeat; the Patriot Army surrenders (5,000 men), Charleston harbor was blockaded and supply lines cut off.

18. Captured in Charles Town were Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr., and Arthur Middleton, as well as Lt. Gov. Christopher Gadsden Captured in Charles Town were Edward Rutledge, Thomas Heyward, Jr., and Arthur Middleton, as well as Lt. Gov. Christopher Gadsden They were all sent to prison in St. Augustine, Florida They were all sent to prison in St. Augustine, Florida The British hoped that SC Loyalists would help them control the state but the Patriot partisans will form new fighting militias all over the state The British hoped that SC Loyalists would help them control the state but the Patriot partisans will form new fighting militias all over the state

19. Disaster at Camden Battle of Camden (August 16, 1780)- Patriot forces in SC under General Horatio Gates suffer a terrible defeat. Battle of Camden (August 16, 1780)- Patriot forces in SC under General Horatio Gates suffer a terrible defeat. Now almost all of South Carolina controlled by the British! Now almost all of South Carolina controlled by the British!

20. Disaster at Camden Out of 4100 Patriot Army troops, only 700 survive and retreat back to safety. Out of 4100 Patriot Army troops, only 700 survive and retreat back to safety. Horatio Gate’s command of southern army of the Continental Army transferred to Nathaniel Greene who used the partisans to his advantage, “mobile war” technique. Horatio Gate’s command of southern army of the Continental Army transferred to Nathaniel Greene who used the partisans to his advantage, “mobile war” technique.

21. Camden, SC

22. IMPORTANT SC’ers With the Southern Patriot army destroyed, several SC fighters like Francis Marion and Thomas Sumter led a guerrilla war against the British With the Southern Patriot army destroyed, several SC fighters like Francis Marion and Thomas Sumter led a guerrilla war against the British

23. IMPORTANT SC’ers Men like Francis Marion (Swamp Fox), Andrew Pickens (Wizard Owl), and Thomas Sumter (the Gamecock) kept Patriot morale up and continually bothered the British in SC. Men like Francis Marion (Swamp Fox), Andrew Pickens (Wizard Owl), and Thomas Sumter (the Gamecock) kept Patriot morale up and continually bothered the British in SC.

24. Francis Marion Andrew Pickens Thomas Sumter

25. Patriot Victories in SC The Battle of King’s Mountain 1780– A small Patriot army wipes out a small part of the British/Loyalist army in SC. A turning point in the war because the British began to retreat from the Upcountry! The Battle of King’s Mountain 1780– A small Patriot army wipes out a small part of the British/Loyalist army in SC. A turning point in the war because the British began to retreat from the Upcountry! Every British/Loyalist in this small army is killed or captured, to retaliate for the harsh treatment of Patriots by the British. Every British/Loyalist in this small army is killed or captured, to retaliate for the harsh treatment of Patriots by the British.

26. Patriot Victories in SC Battle of Cowpens 1781 – Another small Patriot army surprises the British and completely defeats them under the leadership of partisan, Andrew Pickens. Battle of Cowpens 1781 – Another small Patriot army surprises the British and completely defeats them under the leadership of partisan, Andrew Pickens.

27. Patriot victories in SC Battle of Eutaw Springs 1781 - many British officers taken as prisoners and seen as a victory for partisan forces. Battle of Eutaw Springs 1781 - many British officers taken as prisoners and seen as a victory for partisan forces.

28. The End of the Revolution In October 1781, the main British Army surrenders at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the American Revolution. In October 1781, the main British Army surrenders at Yorktown, Virginia, ending the American Revolution. The last British troops leave Charles Town in December 1782. The last British troops leave Charles Town in December 1782.