1. Cultural Conflicts 4.6 Bootleggers, Preachers, and the Klan in the 1920’s

2. Prohibition 18 th Amendment Outlawed the manufacture, transportation, and sale of intoxicating liquors. Took effect on January 16, 1920 People still wanted liquor

3. Prohibition Main Goals of prohibition Eliminate drunkenness and the abuse of family members and others Get rid of saloons, prostitution, gambling, and other forms of vice Prevent on job accidents/people missing work from drunkenness

4. Bootleggers Old days-drinkers who hid flasks in the leg of their boot New term-suppliers of illegal alcohol Smuggled liquor overland from Canada By ship from the Caribbean Anyone that could move booze could get rich.

5. Bootleggers modified their cars to be faster than the police. Many would get together and race This tradition of racing modified “stock” factory cars became….

7. Rum Runners Captain William S. McCoy Trafficked illegal liquor from Canada and the Caribbean up and down the U.S. Coastline Became famous for not watering his booze and selling top brands aka "The Real McCoy"

8. The Purple Gang Detroit Michigan Detroit’s most notorious organized crime gang in the 1920’s and 1930s’s Led most often by members of the Bernstein family (most notably brothers Ray and Abe) Purple Gang was made up of immigrants from Detroit’s lower east side. Began by hijacking alcohol smuggled by others across the Canadian border during prohibition

9. You don’t steal from the Purple Gang…

10. “Spider Murphy played the tenor saxophone, Little Joe was blowin on the slide trombone, The drummer boy from Illinois went crash, boom, bang, The whole rhythm section was the Purple Gang, Lets rock, everybody, lets rock, Everybody in the whole cell block Was dancin’ to the jailhouse rock.”

11. Speakeasies Clubs that served alcohol illegally--“hot spots” of the day Estimated that there were 700 speakeasies and 4,000 bootleggers in Washington D.C. –Only 300 licensed saloons before Prohibition You could not just walk into a speakeasy –Heavy gate usually blocked the entrance –Customers had to show membership card or be recognized by a guard

12. Organized Crime Supplying illegal liquor was a complex operation –Manufacture –Transportation –Storage –Sale First local gangsters operated independently competing against each other By Joining forces they could create an organization (large and efficient) –Handle the entire bootlegging operation –Controlled by criminals –Made criminals rich and powerful

13. Prohibition leads to the rise of Organized Crime Led to other activities Prostitution, gambling, racketeering

14. Al Capone Young Nickname-Scarface Ruthless Murdered his way to the top of Chicago’s organized crime network Bought Policemen, Judges, Congressman $60 million dollar a year organization ($850 million today)

15. Capone cont. Bought judges; was never convicted Finally convicted on tax evasion charges

16. FBI Government fought back Improved law enforcement The Bureau of Investigation Later named the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Became a dedicated force against organized crime

17. Fundamentalism Reaction to “New Morality” Literal interpretation of the Bible. Continues to grow in strength. Passed Anti-Evolution Legislation Worked on passage of laws to prevent public schools from teaching evolution

18. Fundamentalism Set of religious beliefs including traditional Christian ideas about Jesus Christ, the beliefs that the bible was inspired by God and does not contain contradictions or errors, and literally true

19. Reverend Billy Sunday Fundamentalist preacher Former professional baseball player Sermons on the evils of alcohol made him an influential figure in Prohibition movement More than 300 religious revival meetings Estimated total attendance of 100 million

20. Scopes Trial 1925-Tennessee passed law to prevent schools from teaching evolution Science teacher John T. Scopes challenges Anti-Evolution laws Arrested for teaching evolution Fundamentalism vs. Modernism Trial becomes HUGE.

22. William Jennings Bryan Outspoken fundamentalists Ran for President three times Volunteered to help prosecute Scopes Clarence Darrow Passionate supporter of free speech Volunteered to help defend him Famous for defending labor activists

23. Scopes Trial New era of mass media Journalist swarmed around the courthouse Reporting to their paper over the 10 day trial The first ever trial broadcast over American radio

24. Scopes Trial Trial was over rather Scopes had taught evolution Jury found Scopes guilty Fundamentalists win the trial Clash between country’s modern beliefs and traditional values

25. 1919 Race Riots Tension over jobs and housing Summer of 1919 mob violence in 25 cities between whites and African Americans Summer became known as the “Red Summer” African Americans always suffered the harsher ends of punishment

26. Revival of the Klan Spread to the North No longer just a southern organization 4 Million Members Biggest state was Indiana Had several marches on Washington DC Targeted Blacks, Jews Catholics and Immigrants Carried out many crimes At night beating, whipping, even killing their victims

27. Rise of the NAACP Failed Anti-Lynching Legislation Tried fighting discrimination through the courts Proposed a law and it passed the House in 1922 but died in the senate Law enforcement improved at the state level Number of lynching’s gradually decreased Also worked to protect voting rights Only had limited success

28. The Garvey Movement Marcus Garvey Jamaican Immigrant Businessman Leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) –Build up African American self- respect and economic power

29. The Garvey Movement African Americans were encouraged to buy shares in his Negro Factories Corporation –Set of small black-owned businesses Promoted black pride, separation of the races, and a return to Africa Return to “Motherland Africa” to create a self- governing nation Followers of Garvey could be seen in military style uniforms

30. Controversial figure within the Black Community Movement failed, but inspired others Jailed on mail fraud