1. Education  Other fate for orphans  Wealthy donated money to these schools for boarding and educating orphans  Not as good of education as schools where families paid for it, but still advantageous  Most programs designated specifically to train children to lower-middle class occupations  Food, education, and lodging provided until 17  Expected to work

2. Conditions of Schools  Not proper boarding house  Underfunded, crowded, unsanitary  Disease spread rapidly because of the close proximity  Poor nutrition and excess punishment  Example from Jane Eyre: Charlotte Bronte, the author, although not an orphan, used her experiences from the boarding school she attended to create the Lowood School in Jane Eyre

3. Orphanages continued  Attempt to stop poverty or Christian charity  Parents rarely got permission for visits  Special occasions  Couldn’t go outside walls

4. Clothing  Poorly dressed/rags  Later improved in 19 th century  Boys wore short pants and knee socks  corduroy was popular material, inexpensive  Children sent out from England with a new set of clothes  School uniforms with overcoats and raincoats

5. English Orphan Transports  1906-1970 Britain to Australia, New Zealand, and Canada  230,000 children, not all orphans  Relatives not told about transporting  To give them a better start on life, off streets, and populate Britain with only British people  Substantial after World War II

6. Crime and Punishment  Orphans not adopted or in schools became criminals  60% of criminal population were orphans  Thievery and prostitution  Sent to adult prisons, transported abroad, whipped, sentenced to death  By end of 19 th century, they were sent to youth prisons called reformatory schools  Adult prisons are bad, encourage crime