1. The Iroquois of the Eastern Woodland

2. Subsistence
What type of food did the Iroquois eat?

3. Subsistence What type of food did the Iroquois eat?
Iroquois were mostly farmers. They grew crops like, beans, sunflowers, squash, and even corn.

4. Subsistence What type of food did the Iroquois eat?
Stone hearths- stone, or concrete area in front of a fireplace.
What type of food did the Iroquois eat?
Iroquois were mostly farmers. They grew crops like, beans, sunflowers, squash, and even corn.
Iroquois Indian dishes included cornbread, soups, and stews cooked on stone hearths

5. Subsistence What type of food did the Iroquois eat?
Iroquois were mostly farmers. They grew crops like, beans, sunflowers, squash, and even corn.
Iroquois Indian dishes included cornbread, soups, and stews cooked on stone hearths
They were also pretty skilled hunters. Black bears, elk, deer, rabbits, and wolves would be killed and eaten.

6. Subsistence What type of food did the Iroquois eat?
Iroquois were mostly farmers. They grew crops like, beans, sunflowers, squash, and even corn.
Iroquois Indian dishes included cornbread, soups, and stews cooked on stone hearths
They were also pretty skilled hunters. Black bears, elk, deer, rabbits, and wolves would be killed and eaten.
And after winter times was a time called “Fishing Season” or spring as we know, the Iroquois men often go fishing for various fish.

7. Subsistence What type of food did the Iroquois eat?
Iroquois were mostly farmers. They grew crops like, beans, sunflowers, squash, and even corn.
Iroquois Indian dishes included cornbread, soups, and stews cooked on stone hearths
They were also pretty skilled hunters. Black bears, elk, deer, rabbits, and wolves would be killed and eaten.
And after winter times was a time called “Fishing Season” or spring as we know, the Iroquois men often go fishing for various fish.
The Iroquois also ate many bird animals such as turkey, duck, and other wild birds.

8. Subsistence What type of food did the Iroquois eat?
Iroquois were mostly farmers. They grew crops like, beans, sunflowers, squash, and even corn.
Iroquois Indian dishes included cornbread, soups, and stews cooked on stone hearths
They were also pretty skilled hunters. Black bears, elk, deer, rabbits, and wolves would be killed and eaten.
And after winter times was a time called “Fishing Season” or spring as we know, the Iroquois men often go fishing for various fish.
The Iroquois also ate many bird animals such as turkey, duck, and other wild birds.
Women and children were great gatherers. Obtaining resources like mushrooms, eggs, fruits, vegetables and wild nuts.

9. Subsistence Continued
How were the Iroquois able to obtain their food?

10. Subsistence Continued
How were the Iroquois able to obtain their food?
The Iroquois were excellent farmers so the agriculture thrived.

11. Subsistence Continued
How were the Iroquois able to obtain their food?
The Iroquois were excellent farmers so the agriculture thrived.
Iroquois hunters used tomahawks, spears, clubs and bow & arrows. The Iroquois fishers also use spears as well as nets, fishing poles, and sometimes their bare hands

12. Subsistence Continued
How were the Iroquois able to obtain their food?
The Iroquois were excellent farmers so the agriculture thrived.
Iroquois hunters used tomahawks, spears, clubs and bow & arrows. The Iroquois fishers also use spears as well as nets, fishing poles, and sometimes their bare hands

13. Subsistence Continued
How were the Iroquois able to obtain their food?
The Iroquois were excellent farmers so the agriculture thrived.
Iroquois hunters used tomahawks, spears, clubs and bow & arrows. The Iroquois fishers also use spears as well as nets, fishing poles, and sometimes their bare hands
The Iroquois were very good at collecting goods in the wilderness

14. Clothing What type of clothing did they wear?
Iroquois men wore breechcloths, with long leggings during the summer and sometimes they wore even kilts. In the winter they wore a large robe or cape with moccasins and everything else they wore in the summer.

15. Clothing What type of clothing did they wear?
Iroquois men wore breechcloths, with long leggings during the summer and sometimes they wore even kilts. In the winter they wore a large robe or cape with moccasins and everything else they wore in the summer.
The women wore wraparound skirts with short leggings and women often wore a large tunic called an overdress. Also wearing moccasins and robes during winter.

16. Clothing Continued What materials were used to make up their clothing?
Iroquois clothing was mostly made up of deer hide or skin. Can also be made up of other animal hide.

17. Clothing Continued What materials were used to make up their clothing?
Iroquois clothing was mostly made up of deer hide or skin. Can also be made up of other animal hide.
Other materials such as cornhusk, plants and tree fiber made up other things such as masks and breechcloths.

18. Shelter
What Types of shelter did the Iroquois build?

19. Shelter What Types of shelter did the Iroquois build?
They build large longhouses.
A very large longhouse can fit up to 18 families!
There would be a big village full of these between

20. Shelter continued
What materials did they use to make shelter?

21. Shelter continued What materials did they use to make shelter?
Longhouses were made ups of many materials that include elm tree bark for covering, wooden pole frames for support and stability and animal hide in winter to keep them warm.

22. TRANSPORTATION
What did the Iroquois use for transportation?

23. TRANSPORTATION What did the Iroquois use for transportation?
The Iroquois did lots of traveling by canoe. The Iroquois used it for fishing as well.

24. TRANSPORTATION What did the Iroquois use for transportation?
The Iroquois did lots of traveling by canoe. The Iroquois used it for fishing as well.
However the Iroquois mostly preferred to travel by foot and in winter they use snowshoes

25. TRANSPORTATION What did the Iroquois use for transportation?
The Iroquois did lots of traveling by canoe. The Iroquois used it for fishing as well.
However the Iroquois mostly preferred to travel by foot and in winter they use snowshoes.
They also use sleds pulled by dogs in the winter as well.

26. TRANSPORTATION continued
What materials did they use?

27. TRANSPORTATION continued
What materials did they use?
Most of the canoes were made of tree bark, Mostly elm and sometimes birch. The bark is place on the frame of the canoe made from same type of wood.

28. TRANSPORTATION continued
Bough- the main branch of a tree
Sinew-a piece of tough fibrous tissue uniting muscle to bone or bone to bone; a tendon or ligament.
What materials did they use?
Most of the canoes were made of tree bark, Mostly elm and sometimes birch. The bark is place on the frame of the canoe made from same type of wood.
Snowshoes were made from tree boughs bent into frames and laced with animal sinew.

29. Social organizations and Government
How where members of the group divided?

30. Social organizations and Government
How where members of the group divided?
A married Iroquois couple live on the brides side of the family
A village is made of these families

31. Social organizations and Government
How where members of the group divided?
A married Iroquois couple live on the brides side of the family
A village is made of these families
Who were the leaders and how were they chosen?

32. Social organizations and Government
How where members of the group divided?
A married Iroquois couple live on the brides side of the family
A village is made of these families
Who were the leaders and how were they chosen?
The leaders are the Military Chief and the “Civil Chief”

33. Social organizations and Government
How where members of the group divided?
A married Iroquois couple live on the brides side of the family
A village is made of these families
Who were the leaders and how were they chosen?
The leaders are the “Military Chief“ and the “Civil Chief”
The women elders are the ones who chose them and had authority to remove them.

34. Social organizations and Government Continued
Who had power and authority?

35. Social organizations and Government Continued
Who had power and authority?
The Military Chief the Civil Chief and the elderly women had authority

36. Social organizations and Government Continued
Who had power and authority?
The Military Chief the Civil Chief and the elderly women had authority
How were decisions made for the group?

37. Social organizations and Government Continued
Who had power and authority?
The Military Chief the Civil Chief and the elderly women had authority
How were decisions made for the group?
Decisions were made democratically by representatives in a council.

38. Social organizations and Government Continued
Who had power and authority?
The Military Chief the Civil Chief and the elderly women had authority
How were decisions made for the group?
Decisions were made democratically by representatives in a council.
What Ceremonies were preformed?

39. Social organizations and Government Continued
Who had power and authority?
The Military Chief the Civil Chief and the elderly women had authority
How were decisions made for the group?
Decisions were made democratically by representatives in a council.
What Ceremonies were preformed?
There are 6 ceremonies held annually in every Iroquois village or nation. 4 about crops and the rest about curing ill and thanksgiving.

40. Religion
What was their spiritual belief?

41. Religion What was their spiritual belief?
The Iroquois believed in the Great Spirit, who was responsible for the creation of human beings, the plants and animals, and the forces of good in nature.

42. Religion What was their spiritual belief?
The Iroquois believed in the Great Spirit, who was responsible for the creation of human beings, the plants and animals, and the forces of good in nature.
Believed that the Great Spirit would guide their lives

43. Religion What was their spiritual belief? Who did they worship?
The Iroquois believed in the Great Spirit, who was responsible for the creation of human beings, the plants and animals, and the forces of good in nature.
Believed that the Great Spirit would guide their lives.
Who did they worship?

44. Religion What was their spiritual belief? Who did they worship?
The Iroquois believed in the Great Spirit, who was responsible for the creation of human beings, the plants and animals, and the forces of good in nature.
Believed that the Great Spirit would guide their lives.
Who did they worship?
They worshiped many myths including the following
Three Sisters
Sky Woman
The Twin Gods
and many others

45. Religion Continued
Who were their religious leaders?

46. Religion Continued Who were their religious leaders?
The elder or the wise who told the may folktales, myths and spiritual beliefs
There were also part-time male and female spiritual specialist called “Keepers of Faith”

47. Religion Continued What were the Iroquois ceremonies?
Iroquois hade 6 main annual ceremonies , 4/6 of which are about corn crops
The ceremonies are the following
the New Year Festival
the Maple Festival
the Corn Planting Festival
the Strawberry Festival
the Green Corn Festival
the Harvest Festival of Thanksgiving

48. Religion Continued
How were the ceremonies conducted?

49. Religion Continued How were the ceremonies conducted?
Ceremonies are conducted by the tribe itself and by the “Keepers of the Faith”
The ceremonies were tribal affairs of concerns of farming, curing illness, and thanksgiving.
The 6 ceremonies are all seasonal starting with the New Years festival all the way to the Thanksgiving festival

50. Map of the Iroquois
The Iroquois lived in the southern part of Ontario and Québec and most of New York State

51. Map of the Iroquois
The Iroquois lived in the southern part of Ontario and Québec and most of New York State
Climate
The climate varied on the season and it was never extreme, the climate was very distinct. Cold winters, warm in spring, hot in the summer and cool in the fall

52. Map of the Iroquois
The Iroquois lived in the southern part of Ontario and Québec and most of New York State
Climate
The climate varied on the season and it was never extreme, the climate was very distinct. Cold winters, warm in spring, hot in the summer and cool in the fall
Vegetation
Heavily forested with mixed coniferous and deciduous trees.
Vegetation can live in bad or good mountain soil.
Trees living beside rivers and bodies of water are in much richer soil, benefiting their health and durability.

53. Map of the Iroquois Continued
Topography
The region had large bodies of water like Lake Ontario, many rivers and smaller lakes.
The land had very fertile and rich soil
This region is a very big forest full of trees, lots of vegetation they didn’t need to grow, and more.

54. Works consulted
Cranny, Michael William. Crossroads: A Meeting of Nations. Scarborough, Ont.: Prentice Hall Ginn Canada, Print.
Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Indian Fact Sheet. Facts for Kids: Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Indians. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 June 2016.
Homes of the Past: The Archaeology of an Iroquoian Longhouse. Royal Ontario Museum. N.p., Web. 06 June 2016.
Iroquois - Religion and Expressive Culture. Religion and Expressive Culture. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 June 2016.
Iroquois Daily Life. Iroquois Daily Life. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 June 2016.
Iroquois Hunting Tools. Entertainment Guide. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 June 2016.
Iroquois. - New World Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 June 2016.
Iroquois. Iroquois. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 June 2016.
Kalynn, Jessica. The Iroquois of the Eastern Woodlands. The Iroquois of the Eastern Woodlands. N.p., Web. 06 June 2016.
Native Languages of the Americas: Haudenosaunee/Iroquois Legends, Myths, and Stories. Iroquois Legends (Haudenosaunee Folklore, Myths, and Traditional Indian Stories). N.p., n.d. Web. 06 June 2016.
The Eastern Woodland Farmers - Groups in This Region. The Eastern Woodland Farmers - Groups in This Region. Goldie Productions Ltd., Web. 06 June 2016.