1. Hardware Architecture

2. Computing Infrastructure Components
Servers
Clients
LAN & WLAN
Internet Connectivity
Software
Storage
Backup
Security
Computation
Integration is the Key !
Network
Data Management

3. Computer
Today’s Computer

4. Computer Model Input: keyboard, mouse, scanner, punch cards
Computer Model: Von Neumann Architecture
Computer Model
Von Neumann architecture - Wiki Article (15 min YouTube Video)
Input: keyboard, mouse, scanner, punch cards
Processing: CPU executes the computer program
Output: monitor, printer, fax machine
Storage: hard drive, optical media, diskettes, magnetic tape

5. Components
Computer Components

6. Computer Components CPU Memory Hard Disk Mother Board CD/DVD Drives
Adaptors
Power Supply
Display
Keyboard
Mouse
Network Interface
I/O ports

7. CPU
CPU
CPU – Central Processing Unit (Microprocessor) consists of three parts:
Control Unit
Execute programs/instructions: the machine language
Move data from one memory location to another
Communicate between other parts of a PC
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Arithmetic operations: add, subtract, multiply, divide
Logic operations: and, or, xor
Floating point operations: real number manipulation
Registers

8. Processor Architecture
CPU
Processor Architecture
See How the CPU Works In One Lesson (20 min YouTube Video)

9. CPU CPU speed is influenced by several factors: Single Core/Multi Core
Chip Manufacturing Technology: nm (2002: 130 nm, 2004: 90nm, 2006: 65 nm, 2008: 45nm, 2010:32nm, Latest is 22nm)
Clock speed: Gigahertz (Typical : 2 – 3 GHz, Maximum 5.5 GHz)
Front Side Bus: MHz (Typical: 1333MHz , 1666MHz)
Word size : 32-bit or 64-bit word sizes
Cache: Level 1 (64 KB per core), Level 2 (256 KB per core) caches on die. Now Level 3 (2 MB to 8 MB shared) cache also on die
Instruction set size: X86 (CISC), RISC
Microarchitecture: CPU Internal Architecture (Ivy Bridge, Haswell)
Single Core/Multi Core
Multi Threading Hyper Threading vs. Multicore Processor
Multi Socket
Heat Dissipation: Typically W for Desktop and Server CPUs is W

10. Multi-Core Processor Architecture
Multi-Core CPU
Multi-Core Processor Architecture
Single dual and multi core processor (4 min YouTube Video)

11. CPU Cache
L1, L2 & L3 Cache
DRAM used for main memory has latency, up to 120 ns. The cache is constructed from more expensive, but significantly faster, SRAM, which has latencies around 10 ns. (Disk seek 10,000,000 ns)

12. L1, L2 & L3 Cache Internal (On Die) and External Cache Level 1 (L1)
CPU Cache
L1, L2 & L3 Cache
Internal (On Die) and External Cache
Level 1 (L1)
Built into CPU Core
64 KB or 128KB
Instruction and Data Cache
Level 2 (L2)
256KB or 512 KB
Level 3 (L3)
Shared by all CPU Cores
2MB to 8MB

13. CPU FSB
Front Side Bus

14. CPU Instruction Set CISC Technology (Intel, AMD ..)
Complex Instruction Set Computing
Conventional computers/servers
Many of the instructions are not used
RISC Technology (Power PC ..)
Reduced Instruction Set Computing
Small subset of instructions
Increases speed
Programs with few complex instructions
Graphics
Engineering Computation

15. Popular Processors Desktop Processor: Intel i3, i5, i7
CPU
Popular Processors
Desktop Processor: Intel i3, i5, i7
Laptop Processor: Intel i3, i5, i7 Mobile
Server Processor: Intel Ivy Bridge 8 Core Xeon, IBM Power PC
Smartphone Processor: Based on ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) architecture, Apple A4, A5 and A6 in iPhone and iPad, Exynos Cortex A-9 quad-core processor in Galaxy Note 2
Atom Processor : Intel’s processor for Mobile Internet Devices