1. JOSE A.S. SANTIAGO M.D.

2. 2 The Skin Largest organ of the body Two layers Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous layer-hypodermis Not part of skin

3. 3 The Skin

4. Epidermis Outer layer of the skin Consists of epithelial tissue(epithelium) No blood vessels or nerves 4

5. Epidermis Melanocytes- cells that produce melanin Melanin- pigment responsible for skin color 5

6. Epidermis Keratinocytes- cells that produce keratin Keratin- protein found in hairs, nails,palms and soles of feet 6

7. Dermis Connective tissue Contains hair follicles, blood vessels, nerves, and glands Thermoregulation Four types of cells: Fibroblasts Macrophages Mast Cells Plasma Cells 7

8. Subcutaneous Tissue Not part of skin Connects dermis to the muscles and organs below Fatty tissue Insulates structures from temperature extremes 8

9. Related Organs Hair Nails Glands Sebaceous glands- produce sebum Sudoriferous glands- produce sweat Ceruminous glands- produce cerumen 9

10. 10 Additional Roots Cry/ocold Leuk/owhite Papill/onipple-like Scler/ohardening Xer/odry

11. 11 Additional Suffixes -ismprocess -ium; -umstructure -sisstate of; condition

12. 12 Roots Albin/owhite Albinism –lack of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes

13. 13 Roots Adip/ofat Adipose –pertaining to fat

14. 14 Roots Bi/olife Skin biopsy-piece of skin is removed for microscopic examination

15. 15 Roots Cutane/o skin Subcutaneous –pertaining to under the skin

16. Roots Cyan/o-blue Cyanotic-bluish discoloration of the skin 16

17. Roots Derm/o; dermat/o-skin Dermatitis- inflammation of the skin 17

18. 18 Roots Diaphor/e -profuse sweating Diaphoresis

19. Roots Epitheli/o- covering Epithelium- covering of internal and external surfaces of the body 19

20. Roots Erythemat/o; erythr/o-red Erythematous- redness of the skin 20

21. Roots Hidr/o-sweat Hyperhidrosis- excessive sweating 21

22. Roots Kerat/o; keratin/o- hard; hornlike Hyperkeratosis- excessive growth of outer layer of the skin 22

23. Roots Lip/o-fat Lipoma-tumor containing fat 23

24. Roots Melan/o-black Melanocyte-cell that produces melanin 24

25. Roots Myc/o-fungus Onychomycosis- fungal infection of the nail 25

26. Roots Onych/o - nail Onychomycosis- fungal infection of the nail 26

27. Roots Necr/o-death Necrotic tissue- dead tissue 27

28. Roots Pil/o-hair Pilosebaceous- hair follicle and sebaceous gland 28

29. Roots Ras/o-scrape Abrasion- scraping of the outer surface of injured skin 29

30. Roots Rhytid/o - wrinkle Rhytidectomy- removal of wrinkles; facelift 30

31. Roots Seb/o-sebum Seborrhea- increased discharge of sebum 31

32. Roots Ungu/o-nail Periungual- around the nail 32

33. Prefix Py/o-pus Pyoderma-pus producing disease of the skin 33

34. 34 Suffixes -omatumor; mass Hemangioma-tumor of blood vessels

35. Suffix -derma -skin Pyoderma-pus producing disease of the skin 35

36. 36 Suffixes -dermis; -dermaskin Leukoderma-white patches in the skin

37. Suffixes -dermis; -derma: skin Scleroderma- hardening of the skin 37

38. Suffixes -dermis; -derma: skin Xeroderma-drying of the skin 38

39. 39 Aging Collagen breakdown Decrease of keratinocytes and melanocytes Decrease production of sebaceous glands Irregular production of melanin Hair follicles less productive

40. Burns Burn- destruction of skin by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation Classification of Burns First-degree burn- involves epidermis Ex.: sunburn

41. Burns Second-degree burn (partial-thickness burn)- involves epidermis and upper- portion of the dermis; erythema

42. Burns Third-degree burn (Full-thickness burn) –involves the epidermis and all of the dermis; skin is black and charred

43. Burns Fourth-degree burn – involves skin and muscle

44. Rule of Nine in Burns

45. Major complications of burns Infection- bacteria easily enter the body because of skin destruction Shock- loss of fluid leads to a drop in blood-pressure Toxicity- toxins released from burned skin are poisonous to the body

46. Treatment for burns 1.Debridement- removal of dead or burned skin 2.Skin grafting- skin transplant for major burns 3.Application of ointment for minor burns

47. Skin Cancer Melanoma- tumor arising from melanocytes

48. Skin Cancer Carcinoma- tumor arising from epithelial cells

49. Skin Cancer Sarcoma- tumor arising from connective tissue

50. 50 Abbreviations Bx biopsy SC, subq, subcutsubcutaneous UVultraviolet