1. 1 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» JOINT STOCK COMPANY «RUSSIAN SPACE SYSTEMS» JOINT STOCK COMPANY «RUSSIAN SPACE SYSTEMS» Daejeon, Korea, 2011 Satellite Radio-tomography: Predictive Diagnosis of Ionosphere Earthquakes Precursors Romanov Alexey A., Romanov Alexander A., Urlichich Youry M. The 1st General Meeting & Special Conference of the IAF Asia-Pacific Regional Group Dec. 12-13, 2011

2. 2 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Historical Heritage The enterprise participated in development of systems for radio control of long-range missiles systems for radio control of long-range missiles automated complexes for control the satellites in near, medium and deep space automated complexes for control the satellites in near, medium and deep space search & rescue space system COSPAS-SARSAT search & rescue space system COSPAS-SARSAT satellite communications and relay systems satellite communications and relay systems (S/C «Express», «Luch») (S/C «Express», «Luch») S/C control systems and scientific equipment for space exploration (programs «Moon», «Venus», «Mars», «Cosmos»,« Intercosmos», «Venus – Comet Halley», «Phobos», «Astron», «Granat»,«Interbol», «Spectr») S/C control systems and scientific equipment for space exploration (programs «Moon», «Venus», «Mars», «Cosmos»,« Intercosmos», «Venus – Comet Halley», «Phobos», «Astron», «Granat»,«Interbol», «Spectr») on-board control and telemetry radio complexes for manned and cargo vehicles «Vostok», «Souz», «Progress», «Buran», orbital space stations «Salyut», «Mir», ISS, spaceports «Baikonur», «Plesetsk», “Sea Launch” Project and Mission Control Center on-board control and telemetry radio complexes for manned and cargo vehicles «Vostok», «Souz», «Progress», «Buran», orbital space stations «Salyut», «Mir», ISS, spaceports «Baikonur», «Plesetsk», “Sea Launch” Project and Mission Control Center radio systems for global positioning «Sphera» radio systems for global positioning «Sphera» radio technical complex for Global Navigation Satellite System GLONASS radio technical complex for Global Navigation Satellite System GLONASS radio telemetry complexes for all Earth remote sensing satellites («Resurs», «Ocean») radio telemetry complexes for all Earth remote sensing satellites («Resurs», «Ocean») ship-based, floating command-communication-and telemetry radio complexes ship-based, floating command-communication-and telemetry radio complexes

3. 3 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Vulnerability of Critical Infrastructure (from www.nrcan.gc.ca) Many technologies are affected by space weather: energetic electrons and protons can damage electronics on satellites and high-flying aircraft, ionospheric disturbances affect GPS positioning and HF radio communication, magnetic storms interfere with aeromagnetic surveys and induce currents in power systems, pipelines and submarine cables

4. 4 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling model Relative humidity drop Latent heat release Air temperature growth OLR anomalies Deformations – pre-seismic radon emanations Air ionization by  -particles – product of radon decay Ions hydration– formation of aerosol size particles Ions thermal convection, charge separation, drift in electric field Linear cloud structures formation Jet streams Boundary level conductivity changing Atmospheric electric field growth Anomaly atmospheric electric field effects Longitudinal electron concentration variations VLF noises, high energy electrons precipitation Temperature and pressure anomalies - lithosphere - atmosphere - ionosphere

5. 5 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Ionosphere Electron Concentration Height Distribution Tomography Reconstruction Method Basic equations Problem statement ΔτΔτ ΔhΔh β τiτi I φ0φ0 φ1φ1 φ2φ2 φnφn … L ART algorithm for system solving Linear system formation Inverse problem solution,

6. 6 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Information Support of the Earthquake Precursors Integrated Diagnose Relied on Satellite Monitoring TEC anomalies Surface deformation Surface temperature Clouds structures EC anomaly EM anomalies Temperature anomalies Helio-geophysical observatory data Solar activity index Geomagnetic activity index Seismic activity

7. 7 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Special Satellites for Atmosphere Characteristics Monitoring COSMOS Purpose Orbit height, km Orbit inclination, о Satellites amount in group Research area appearance frequency 1000 83 4 6-10 1000 89 1 1-2 800 72 6 10-12 450 87 1 1-2 COSMICCHAMP Ionosph. tomography 150/400MHz, Atmosphere sounding: TEC, temperature, humidity profiles Navigation, ionosphere tomography 150/400 MHz RADCAL

8. 8 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» PRE-EARTHQUAKES intends to commit EU and Russian researchers to integrate different observational data (including ESA and ROSKOSMOS satellite data) and to improve, by cross-validating, their methodologies, in order: to substantially improve our knowledge of preparatory phases of earthquakes and their possible precursors; to promote a worldwide Earthquake Observation System (EQuOS) as a dedicated component of GEOSS; to develop and offer to the international scientific community an integration platform where independent observations and new data analysis methodologies devoted to the research on/of earthquake precursors can be collected and cross-validated; UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DELLA BASILICATA (UNIBAS ) Italy Geospazio Italia s.r.l. (GSI) Italy TUBITAK Marmara Research Center (TUBITAK MAM) Turkey DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM FUER LUFT UND RAUMFAHRT EV (DLR) Germany JSC “RUSSIAN SPACE SYSTEMS” (RSS) Russian Federation STATE INSTITUTION INSTITUTE OF APPLIED GEOPHYSICS NAMED AFTER ACADEMICIAN E. K. FIODOROV (FIAG) Russian Federation INSTITUTE OF TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM, IONOSPHERE AND RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES (WD IZMIRAN) Russian Federation

9. 9 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Tomography station Antenna Coherent signals receiver Tomography station management software

10. 10 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Ionosphere Electron Concentration Fields Variations 23, 27 & 30 July 2007 Distance km Height, km S. Sakhalinsk Ne,10 11 el.pqm 23.07.2007 15:42 UTC (01:42 LT) S. Sakhalinsk 27.07.2007 14:05 UTC (00:05 LT) S. Sakhalinsk 30.07.2007 13:45 UTC (23:45 LT) Height, km Distance km Ne,10 11 el.pqm

11. 11 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Map of Japan march-2011 earthquakes epicenters First strong earthquake 09.03.2011 2:45 M7.2, N 38.424, E142.836 Strongest was 11.03.2011 at 5:46 М8.9, N 38.322, E 142.369

12. 12 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Relative STEC distribution anomaly registered 7 hours prior set of march 2011 Japanese earthquakes Relative STEC data from Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk ionoshere receiver

13. 13 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Ionosphere Electron Concentration Fields Variations 6, 8 & 10 March 2011 Height, km Latitude N.L. grad. Height, km Latitude N.L. grad.

14. 14 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Perspectives of Data Receiving Segment Oha Nogliki Poronaisk Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Mombetsu Obihiro

15. 15 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» The Receiving Segment Enlargement Benefits U-Sakhalinsk Poronaisk Nogliki Oha Mombetsu Obihiro Reconstruction coverage extension Sakhalin coverage Reconstruction errors decreasing Spatial resolution increasing

16. 16 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» The planned scheme of tomography chains deployment It is planning to deploy about 50 tomography stations in Russia till 2015

17. 17 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Global Ionosphere Monitoring via Cluster of Nanosatellites Signals receiving segment transfer into space makes it possible to realize the global ionosphere monitoring and to almost completely refuse from ground radiotomography receiving stations Traditional ionosphere tomography scheme with ground stations provides only local monitoring Perspective ionosphere monitoring system on the basis of nano-satellites cluster

18. 18 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Ionosphere monitoring small satellite prototype on the basis of CubeSat 3U Platform Pumpkin MISC-2 Mass: 5 kg Power: 30 W Payload: multifrequency transceiver Mass: ~ 2 kg (including antenna) Power: < 10 W Power supply NanoPower P30U Two elements CubeSat structure Onboard computer NanoMind A702 Attitude system Pumpkin IMI-100 ADACS Kit

19. 19 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Conclusions The experimental results of ionosphere research before the strong earthquakes near Nevelsk (Russia) and Japan has shown The possibility of the ionosphere electron concentration reconstruction on the basis of trans satellites tomography technique is shown The different options of the perspective system satellites constellations for the electron concentration vertical distribution reconstruction in the Earth ionosphere have been simulated The principle possibility of the global ionosphere satellite tomography system has justified, including the case of the four satellite transceivers basis The possibility of the new space geospatial data gathering systems creation on the basis of the small satellites is revealed.

20. 20 © JSC «Russian Space Systems» Thanks for your attention! Alexey Romanov, Deputy General Director, DSc., professor Tel: +7(495)6739224; Fax:+7(495)5091200 E-mail: romanov@rniikp.ru