1. The Egyptian position Prepared by Dr. Mohamed Ismail Ibrahim Elsehamy Clima-South Project Focal Point Egypt

2. Outline Key data Egypt’s emissions / vulnerability Egypt’s negotiating position Egypt’s perspective to the new agreement / INDCs Egypt’s readiness to INDCs Road to Paris

3. Key Data - Egypt - United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change:  Signed: 09 June 1992  Ratified: 05 December 1994  Entry into force: 05 March 1995 - Kyoto Protocol:  Signed: 15 March 1999  Ratified: 12 January 2005  Entry into force: 12 April 2005 - Egypt issued 1 st National Communication in 1999, and 2 nd National Communication in 2010, and now 3 rd NC in process. - Egypt has started preparation of 1 st Biennial Update Report. - Egyptian DNA established in 2005 & restructured in 2009 - Establishing National Committee for climate change in 2007 & now under development progress to be National Council. - Egypt National Environmental Economic and Development Study (NEEDS) for Climate Change 2010.

4. Emissions / Vulnerability Year1990 (INC,99)2000 (SNC, 10)2005 (TNC, 14) GHG Emissions Without LUCF116,739.6193,237.6??? Egypt’s share to world emissions0.4 %0.58%??? Seal level rise Coral reefs bleaching Extreme weather events Water stress Food Shortage Diseases

5. Egypt’s position is matching with African and Arab groups position Egypt’s Negotiating position

6. Basics of Egypt’s position Egypt confirms its readiness and willingness to have a successful COP at Paris that concludes the negotiations with a fair and ambitious outcome based on UNFCCC principles & provisions. Must not replace or rewrite the convention, but must be consistent with principles of the Convention (Historical responsibility, equity, CBDR” Common but differentiated responsibilities and developing countries priorities for solving poverty and achieving a sustainable development. Includes establishing a global adaptation framework is an essential part of the new agreement,must include the loss and damage. And the final the outcomes should be balanced in dealing with mitigation and adaptation. This COP includes two main aspects: Firstly, the political aspect which deals with the draft negotiation text:

7. Basics of Egypt’s position Accelerate the financial instrument of the convention such as the green climate fund, unifying sources of finance, balance in allocation of finance, stressing that any eligibility criteria and standards for projects under the green climate fund should be set and approved by both developing and developed countries), ensuring that these eligibility criteria are independent and based on technical criteria and national priorities regardless the political aspects,ensuring that any current or future financial mechanism must be under the article 11 of the United Nations framework convention on climate change. Negotiation text must consider sequencing of discussing topics. i.e. starting with the means of implementation (finance, technology transfer and capacity building) before discussing the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC). Cont.

8. Basics of Egypt’s position INDCs will include both adaptation (priority) and mitigation and will be divided into two main parts: The first part what can be achieved by domestic resources. The second part is what is have the potential but require additional support (finance, technology & capacity building). Cont. Secondly, the technical aspect dealing with the intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs)

9. In addition to that, INDCs preparation must support and come in the context of the economic development priorities and achieving sustainable development according to: 1. Article 4, paragraph 1 (f) of UNFCCC which indicated with the availability of financial, technical and capacity building support to be provided by developed countries according to article 4, paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 2. The contributions submitted by developing countries will include the needs from international financial resources. And stressing that any mitigation contributions from developing countries will be conditioned with the fulfillment of developed countries commitments under article 4, paragraph 7. Basics of Egypt’s position Cont.

10. INDCs pillars from the Egyptian Perspective INDCs Adaptation Capacity Building Technology Transfer FinanceMitigation

11. INDCs Includes 2 parts Self financed AdaptationMitigation Seeking for support AdaptationMitigation Support means finance, technology development & transfer and capacity building

12. Adaptation Adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change is vital in order to reduce the impacts of climate change that are happening now and increase resilience to future impacts Successful adaptation not only depends on governments but also on the active and sustained engagement of stakeholders (Nairobi work programme)Nairobi work programme The Egyptian National Adaptation Strategy provide an important way to priorities urgent and immediate adaptation needs (Egyptian NEEDS 2010). Developing countries require international assistance to support adaptation (Articles 4.4, 4.8 and 4.9). This includes funding, technology transfer and capacity building.Articles 4.4, 4.8 and 4.9technology transfercapacity building

13. Adaptation The Bali Action Plan, adopted at COP 13 in Bali, December 2007, identified adaptation as one of the key building blocks required for a strengthened future response to climate change to enable the full, effective and sustained implementation of the Convention through long-term cooperative action, now, up to and beyond 2012. At the Cancun Climate Change Conference in December 2010, Parties established the Cancun Adaptation Framework (CAF) with the objective of enhancing action on adaptation, including through international cooperation and coherent consideration of matters relating to adaptation under the Convention.Bali Action PlanCancun Climate Change Conference Cancun Adaptation Framework

14. Adaptation At the Durban Climate Change Conference in November/ December 2011, Parties advanced the implementation of the CAF by agreeing on:Durban Climate Change Conference in November/ December 2011 Modalities, procedures and composition of the Adaptation CommitteeAdaptation Committee Activities to be undertaken under the work programme on loss and damagework programme on loss and damage Modalities and guidelines for the national adaptation plansnational adaptation plans At the COP18 in Doha, Qatar, Parties continued the implementation of the CAF and agreed on:COP18 in Doha, Qatar The technical guidelines for the development of national adaptation plans The continuity of the work programme on loss and damage including the establishment of institutional arrangements at COP19

15. Adaptation In Egypt most affected sectors by climate change Agriculture, Waster resources, Coastal Zones, Health. TNC project adds another four sectors that affected by climate change (Urbanization, Biodiversity, Tourism, weather Extreme events) Vulnerability in each sector assessed as a function of three items: Direct climate change impact in the sector Indirect climate change impact in the sector (integration between Sectors) How Socio economic impacts affect the vulnerability of each sector

16. Road to Paris Success Fair outcome Balance and sequencing Adaptation Priority Operationalizing finance mitigation leaded by major emitters Build trust