2. Shark Behavior Nathan Eli España Ph.D. (Self-proclaimed shark enthusiast, Guy Harvey ain’t got nothing me)

3. Sharks 465 known species of sharks. Seen as solitary animals, coming together to breed in certain prolific hunting grounds. Larger species dominate over smaller ones, as well as eat them. Intelligent, willing to cooperate and collaborate with other sharks.

4. Senses Smell – keen sense of smell, can detect one drop of blood in a million drops of water, nostrils not used for breathing. Sight – Good eyesight, especially in dim light, able to dilate and contract, controlling amount of light hitting the eyes. Touch – known to “nose” objects before taking a bite into something, biting used for touch and taste as well.

5. Senses (continued) Electroreception – pores that pick up electrical signals, sensitive, able to pick up weak electrical signals. Taste – pits in lining of mouth hold gustatory cells, signaling whether shark eats meal or not. Hearing/Balance – inner ears used for equilibrium, keeping the animal balanced as it swims.

6. Feeding Diet ranging from fish, crustaceans, mollusks, to marine mammals and other sharks. Usually hunt during the evening, migrating long distances to feed. Numerous ways of feeding (surprise attack, bottom feed, filter feed, or engage in feeding frenzy.)

7. Reproduction Reach reproductive maturity starting at 12 to 15 years. Females give birth from 1 to 2 pups. Population is slow to increase due to small amount of sharks being born. Pups born with full set of teeth, feeding and living on their own.

8. Habitat Sharks are found living in different aquatic areas. Depending on the species, they range from the open ocean, ocean floor, shallow, coast, and freshwater.

9. Sleep Most species cannot sleep, since they need to move continuously to breathe. Certain sharks have “inactive periods”, pumping water over their gills, keeping them alive. During this period, sharks eyes remain vigilant, never closing, in case of attackers. Other species can swim while in the “sleep” state.

10. Shark Attacks Of all the species, about 5 have been involved in fatal unprovoked attacks. (Great White, Tiger, Oceanic White tip, Hammerhead, Bull) Roughly about 100 shark attacks each year, 10 being fatal, resulting in death. Humans are often mistaken for prey, especially surfers. They sense the movement in the water and pick it up with their receptors, making them cautious.

11. Human Interference Thousands of sharks killed every year. (sport, food.) Shark skins used for products. Shark livers used for vitamin A supplements up until the 1950s.

12. Current Event Sand Tiger Sharks Surprisingly Social in Open Ocean http://news.discovery.com/animals/sharks/sand -tiger-sharks-surprisingly-social-in-open-ocean- 160224.htm

13. Work Cited "Basic Facts About Sharks." Defenders of Wildlife. N.p., 15 Feb. 2012. Web. 08 May 2016. "Shark Behavior: Circling around Alleged Victims." Shark Behavior: Circling around Alleged Victims. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2016. "Shark Behaviour Facts - Research & Characteristics." Animal Corner. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2016. Carrier, Jeffrey. "Shark." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d. Web. 08 May 2016. "Behavior of a Shark." Behavior of a Shark. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2016. "Predatory Behavior of Pacific Coast White Sharks*." Predatory Behavior of Pacific Coast White Sharks. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2016.