1. URINARY SYSTEM 2 Urinary Bladder and Urethra
Dr Rania Gabr

2. Urinary Bladder

3. Site:
It lies in the anterior and lower part of the pelvic cavity.
Retroperitoneal organ
Lies behind the Symphysis Pubis

4. Shape
It has the shape of three-sided pyramid placed on one of its angle (NECK).
Apex:
Is directed forward
Is related to upper border of symphysis pubis
Is connected to umbilicus by the median umbilical ligament (remnant of urachus)

5. Parts: 1. Apex: Directed anteriorly (Median umbilical ligament) to the umbilicus 2. Base: Directed posteriorly.- Trigone 3. Three surfaces: a. Superior surface. b. Two infero-lateral surfaces (one on each side). 4. Three angles: a. Two postero-superior angles (one on each side). b. Inferior angle (neck of the bladder).

6. It is a collapsible muscular sac
Stores and expels urine
Full bladder – is spherical and expands into the abdominal cavity
Empty bladder – lies entirely within the pelvis

7. (BASE) Is directed backward IN MALE:
Is related to vas deferens & seminal vesicle of both sides
IN FEMALE:
Is related to vagina
Male
Female

8. (SUPERIOR SURFACE) IN MALE:
Is related to coils of ileum & sigmoid colon
IN FEMALE:
Is related to the uterus
Male
Female

9. (INFERO-LATERAL SURFACES)
Are related to retropubic fat separating them from pubic bones
Retropubic fat
Accomodates distention of bladder
Continuous with anterior abdominal wall. Rupture of bladder escape of urine to anterior abdominal wall
Male
Female

10. The Neck of the bladder :
is the most fixed part
Held in position by 2 fibromuscular bands that hook around the neck and the pelvic part of the urethra and fix them to the postero-inferior part of the 2 pubic bones.
IN MALE:
Is related to upper surface of prostate gland

11. Mucous membrane is folded.
Trigone: a triangular area in base of bladder bounded by the 2 ureteric orifices & internal urethral orifice. Its mucous membrane is elastic (not folded)
Mucous membrane is folded.

12. Relations:
Males: anterior to rectum, above prostate
Females: inferior to uterus, anterior to vagina

13. ARTERIES: from internal iliac artery
VEINS: into internal iliac vein
LYMPH: into internal iliac lymph nodes
NERVES:
Parasympathetic: pelvic splanchnic nerves from S2, 3, 4
Sympathetic: from L1,2
Sensory: transmitting pain due to overdistention of bladder

14. Urethra

15. Urethra Female ~ 4cm long
opens to exterior between clitoris and vaginal opening
Male ~ 20 cm long
passes through prostate gland
pierces urogenital diaphragm
enters penis and extends throughout length
opens at urethral orifice
Urethra

16. Male Urethra
It is a common duct for both the urinary and genital systems allowing for the passage of both urine and semen to the outside

17. Parts:
Prostatic urethra (1 ½ inches) = widest part : Passes through the prostate gland
2. Membranous urethra (1/2 inch) = narrowest part: Passes through the urogenital diaphragm
3. Penile or spongy urethra (6 inches) : Passes through the length of the penis

18. Structures openings into prostatic urethra:
Ejaculatory ducts: containing sperms
& secretion of seminal vesicles
Ducts of prostate gland

19. Female Urethra It is short, about 1 ½ inches (4 cm) long.
- It extends from the neck of the urinary bladder, then it passes downwards and forwards.
- It lies just anterior to the vagina.

21. Nerve Supply Male: Prostatic Plexus
Female: Vesical Plexus and Pudendal nerve

22. THANK YOU