1. Carriers - The 21st Century Presentation to Hampton Roads SNAME
Introduction and Background
Lone “shoe” at Tailhook
CAPT Tom Moore
Program Manager Aircraft Carriers (PMS 312)
15 January 2004

2. Discussion Items Background Where we are today Where we are headed
RCOH
CVN 77
Where we are headed
CVN 21

3. 80 Years of Evolution in Naval Aviation
CV-1 Langley
Early 1920’s design
CVN-68 Nimitz
Early 1960’s design
Commissioning dates of new aircraft carrier classes, 1922 through 2002.
1949
CV-58 United States
Late 1950s Beginning of Nimitz-class design
1946
CVL-48 Saipan
1942
CV-9 Essex
1961
CV-63 Kitty Hawk
CVN21
1925
CV-2 Lexington
1975
CVN-68 Nimitz
1937
CV-5 Yorktown
1922
CV-1 Langley
1st USN CV
1933
CV-4 Ranger
2002
1943
CVL-22 Independence
2013
1968
CV-67 JF Kennedy
In the early 1960’s when Forrestal was the Secretary of the Navy we had the first of many discussions on the utility of the carrier
Discussion continued with McNamara in the late 1960’s….JFK conventionally powered
When CVN 77 decommissions in 2057, the A4W core design used on Nimitz Class carriers will be about 100 years old
First in CVN21-class
1961
CVN-65 Enterprise
1940
CV-7 Wasp
1945
CV-41 Midway
2013: CVN-65 Enterprise reaches 50 years of service
1955
CV-59 Forrestal
As much time has passed between CV-1 Langley and CVN-68 Nimitz designs, as between Nimitz design and today .…

4. F9F Panthers / F2H Banshees F8U Crusaders / F4H Phantoms
“Hellcats to Hornets”
10 Sep 1945 – 11 April 1992
MIDWAY 1945
“Straight Deck”
F6F Hellcats
MIDWAY 1950s
Early Jets
F9F Panthers / F2H Banshees
MIDWAY 1980s
2nd Conversion
F/A-18 Hornets
Demonstrates the transformational nature of the carrier.
What will the ship and planes (??) going on and off 40 years from today look like? I don’t know, but I’d be willing to guess that the changes will be at least as dramatic as this picture.
Midway goes from 61K tons in 1945 to 82K tons in the mid 1980’s.
MIDWAY 1960s
Angled Deck
F8U Crusaders / F4H Phantoms

5. Real World Demonstrations of Carrier Speed and Agility
Desert Shield: Aug 1990
Eisenhower swings from Med to CENTCOM – in position to launch strikes 6 days after Iraqi invasion; Independence already in Indian Ocean ready for strikes 3 days after invasion
Vigilant Warrior: Oct 1994
Washington swings from Med to CENTCOM in response to Iraq massing troops on Kuwait border.
Bosnia Peacekeeping: Dec 1995
America swings from SWA to cover NATO IFOR deployment into Bosnia to enforce Dayton Accords.
Taiwan Straits: March 1996
Independence and Nimitz deploy off Taiwan to monitor Chinese ballistic missile tests; Washington swings from Med to CENTCOM to cover for Nimitz.
Kosovo: Feb. 1999
Enterprise swings from CENTCOM after Desert Fox to support NATO pressure on Serbs to sign peace agreement.
Allied Force: April 1999
Kitty Hawk swings from Western Pacific to cover CENTCOM when Theodore Roosevelt diverted to support NATO campaign in Kosovo
1. Every Carrier Battle Group deployed since 1998 has been involved in Combat Operations (11 CVBGs).

6. Answering the Call 11 of 12 Carriers have participated in OEF/OIF.
CVN 71 conducted 10,938 sorties totaling 32,425 flight hours during her OEF deployment
USS Kitty Hawk (CV 63) used as Afloat Forward Staging Base (AFSB) for special ops forces. Alternatives now being studied to provide a permanent AFSB capability.

7. Where We Are Today

8. Aircraft Carrier Build Schedule (Calendar Years)
AIRCRAFT CARRIERS 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
USS KITTY HAWK (CV63)
USS ENTERPRISE (CVN65)
USS JOHN F. KENNEDY (CV67)
USS NIMITZ (CVN68)
USS DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER (CVN69)
USS CARL VINSON (CVN70)
USS THEODORE ROOSEVELT (CVN71)
USS ABRAHAM LINCOLN (CVN72)
USS GEORGE WASHINGTON (CVN73)
USS JOHN C. STENNIS (CVN74)
USS HARRY S. TRUMAN (CVN75)
USS RONALD REAGAN (CVN76)
GEORGE H. W. BUSH (CVN77) 47 53 50
RCOH
RCOH
RCOH
RCOH
RCOH
RCOH
RCOH
CVN 21 Future Carrier Program
CVN78 (FY2007 Start / FY2014 Deliver)
CVN79 (FY2011 Start / FY2018 Deliver)
CVN80 (FY2016 Start / FY2023 Deliver) 78 76 77 79 80
Carrier Delivery and Intervals
5 yrs
5 yrs
6 yrs
4 yrs
5 yrs

9. The Aircraft Carrier Portfolio/
Contract
Award
Start
Fabrication
Lay
Keel
Launch
Delivery
Commissioning
Refueling
De-commissioning
 -8
 +25
 +50
-20
-15
-10 -5 +5
+10
+15
+20
+25
+30
+35
+40
1998
50+ Years End of Life
Design
Construction
Operating Lifetime
CVN 74
USS Stennis
CVN 73
USS Washington
CVN 72
USS Lincoln
CVN 68
USS Nimitz
CVN 71
USS Roosevelt
CVN 70
USS Vinson
CVN 69
USS Eisenhower
Three carriers built in same year (1961) at different yards.
We don’t have the industrial base to do that now. Notice the spacing between builds starting with NIMITZ. Message here is that if you skip a build starting around 2025 when NIMITZ will be ready for decomm you can’t catch up.
CVN 75
USS Truman
CVN 65
USS Enterprise
CV 67
USS Kennedy
CVN 79
CVN 78
CVN 76
USS Reagan
CVN 77
Bush
CV 63
USS Kitty Hawk

10. Refueling Complex Overhauls
“The Most Challenging Engineering and Industrial Task Undertaken Anywhere by Any Organization”
RAND RCOH Study

11. CVN 68 - Class Refueling Complex Overhaul (RCOH)
Approximately 23 years into the carrier’s service life, is a part of Incremental Maintenance Plan
4 year planning cycle/36 month execution
Modernization
Warfighting
Interoperability
Environmental compliance
Nuclear Propulsion Plant
Refuel Reactors
Reactor Plant Modernization & Repairs
Steam and Electric Plant Modernization & Repairs
Readiness
Infrastructure Upgrades
Replacement of Obsolete Equipment
Material Upgrades
Repair/Reduction in Total Ownership Costs
1. Represents 35 % of the total mandays done on the ship during its 50-year lifetime. About evenly split between refueling, maintenance/recap and modernization.

12. USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69 USS Theodore Roosevelt
RCOH Statistics
NGNN Planning Hours
NGNN Execution Hours
GFE ($M)
USS Nimitz (CVN 68)
705K
2,492K
$227M
USS Dwight D. Eisenhower (CVN 69
633K
2,359K
$353M
USS Carl Vinson (CVN 70)
626K
2,461K
$463M
USS Theodore Roosevelt
(CVN 71)
636K
2,564K
$516M

13. Current RCOH Strategy -Linear-} D P P
RCOH D P P
Refueling/Propulsion (~2/5 )
Refuel Reactors
Propulsion Plant Modernization
Propulsion Plant Repairs
Restore Service Life (~2/5)
Drydocking, Tank & Void Maintenance
Piping Repairs, Replacement and Upgrades
Aviation Capabilities are Completely
Overhauled
Electrical Distribution System Upgrades
Modernization (~1/5)
Warfighting
Interoperability
Environmental Compliance
Recapitalization
For 23 Years
Of Continued
Service Life within the Incremental Maintenance Program (IMP)
There are four basic tenets of an RCOH. They are:
Nuclear – This includes refueling the reactors and completing all needed upgrades/modernization and repairs to the plants,
Repairs – A significant effort is done during the RCOH to repair systems that are affected by deployments, past repair deferrals, the need to replace obsolete equipment, and prepare systems for the second half of the carrier’s life,
Upgrade the carriers infrastructure – To prepare the ship for another 23 years of improvements, capability growth, and needed capacity, efforts must be completed during the RCOH which will “buy back” the infrastructure of the ship,
And Modernization – This includes major system improvements in many areas including warfighting and interoperability.
The goal is to find the right blend of all four to accomplish the needed efforts to best Recapitalize the carrier.
In Slide Show Mode, Click on Hyperlink to go to definition and back
Other Talking Points:
Manage Expectations - Not getting a new ship, Need everybody's effort to define the mix
Some things MUST be done - Refueling & Secondary Plant, Drydocking Package Mandated / Legislated Changes
GOAL IS A DEPLOYABLE SHIP! = READINESS

14. Alternate Strategy: CVN 71 -Integrated Shift of Focus to Modernization-
Increased: Pre/Post IMP Availabilities %
SMART
CARRIER
CARTECH D P P P P D D P P P P D
RCOH
TYCOM OMN
TYCOM OMN
SCN
CVN 77
CVN 21
Priorities
1- Refueling/Propulsion (2/5)
2- Modernization/Transformation (2/5)
3- Restore Service Life (1/5)

15. Current Warfighting Capability Spiral
CVN 68 RCOH
CVN 76 New Const.
CVN 70 RCOH
CVN 71 RCOH
Warfighting & Strike
F/A-18 E/F
NSWPC
JMPS
TOPSCENE 4000
ADMACS
ISIS
Self Defense
SSDS MK2 Mod 0
CEC
RNSSMS
RAM
SPQ-9B
Command & Control
ADNS
CDLMS
CHBDL/BGPHES
IT 21
Tele-Medicine
HYDRA
ICAN
SATCC
NAVSSI
Ring Laser Gyro
SPS-73
CVN 69 RCOH
CVN 77 New Const.
Command & Control
IT 21 BLK II
$90 M Plus-up
Warfighting & Strike
NDWMIS/MORIAH
NSWPC Phase II
Self Defense
SSDS MK2 Mod1
Command & Control
Integrated Bridge
Digital Modular Radio
GBS
Real Time Sensor Data Link
Accelerate?
(JFN/NSWPC, Multi-modal Displays, Auto Radio Room)
CVN 21
ESSM
MFR/VSR
JPALS
Open Architecture
Wireless LANs
Conformal Multi-functional Comms
Flexible Reconfigurable Centers
Aviation Upgrades (JSF, UCAV, MH 60 R/S)
JSS is Joint Interface Control Officer Support System. JSS is a toolset that facilitates the Joint Interface Control Officer’s (JICO) ability to plan and manage the Joint Multi-Tactical Data Link Network. (Multi-TADL terminal and console, inputs from all TADLs.)
AADC (Area Air Defense Commander). Situational Awareness System being “considered” for CVN 71. May be hosted on JFN (Joint Forces Network).
SIOC - Ship’s Information Operations Center. Expands and upgrades the SSES (Ship’s Signals Exploitation Space… Cryptologists). Would add the “Information Operations Mission” to SSES. Adds equipment to support Electronics Warfare (EW), Computer Network Operations (CNO), Military Deception (MILDEC), and Psychological Operations (PSYOPS), as well as re-arranges to SSES spaces.
IT21 Initial fielding: FOCP, Genser and Unclass LANS.
IT21 Block II: Next generation…fielded utilizing the SPAWAR Horizontal Integration methodology.
Backfit 97 02 98 04 14 08 09

16. Transitioning to the future . . .
CVN 77 Overview
IWS
Improvements
Commercial
Technologies
Improved
Electrical Power
Distribution
TOC &
Manpower
Reductions
Improved JP-5
Distribution
System
Transitioning to the future . . .

17. Where We Are Headed

18. CVN 21 Concept Ship Integrated Island New Propulsion/Electric Plant
Smaller Island Re-Positioned Aft & Outboard
Composite Mast with Clamp Antenna
All Electric Aux Services
Brought Forward from CVN 79
Zonal Electrical Distribution System
New Propulsion Plants
NEW
JPALS
MFR/VSR
Improved Weapon & Material Handling
Outboard Wpn Elevators
Heavy Unrep
Enlarged Flight Deck Footprint
“Pit Stop”
Advanced Arresting Gear
Aircraft Elevators (3)
Enhanced Flight Deck
Hangar Bays (2)
Underwater Protection
Dynamic Armor Protection
ESSM
4 EMALS
#4 CAT Unrestricted
Enhanced Ship Self Defense
Improved Survivability

19. CVN 21 Concept Ship Flight Deck
Full Size Jet Blast Deflector
Unrestricted CAT #4
CVN 21
Current
Utility Elevator Added
Enlarged
Flight Deck
Redesigned and
Re-positioned Island
3 vice 4 Aircraft Elevators
Re-positioned Weapons Elevators

20. CVN 21 Transformational Island
Composite Mast
Advanced Multi-Functional Planar Array Comms Apertures
Multi-Function Radar (MFR)
Volume Search Radar
(VSR)
CVN 77
SPQ-9
(Horizon Search)
SPS-49
(2D Air Surveillance)
SPN-43
(Air Traffic Control)
Joint Precision Approach
Landing System (JPALS)
SPS-67
(Surface Search)
CVN 21
SPS-48
(3D Air Surveillance)
SPN-46
(Precision Approach Landing)
MK-95
(Fire Control Directors)

21. Electro-Magnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) Concept
Program Objectives
Deploy Advanced Technology Launch System in Support of CVN 78 Schedule Which Provides:
Better Control of Applied Forces
Improved Reliability and Maintainability
Reduced Manning
Increased Operational Availability
Performance Objectives
Reduce Manning 30%
Minimize Thermal
Signature
UAV/UCAV
Capable
1. As compared to Ao of .75 on a single steam catapult
Reduce Installed
Volume 80K ft3
Launch Ao = 0.89
Reduce Topside
Weight 1000 tons
Cycle Time: Optimized to
Flight Deck Requirements

22. The Power to Transform Electric Plant Capacity Electrical Loads 104
Larger loads require new electric plant. New reactor with more energy needed to avoid reducing ship life (up to 11 years)
104
??? MW 56
HIDDEN SLIDE –
On CVN(X)-1, we are already leaning forward to leverage the benefits of electric power on a steam turbine driven ship. The primary advance is a new propulsion plant with significantly increased electrical plant capacity and electrical distribution system. Advanced electric TGs capable of 26MW each and with 4 on the ship, a total of 104MW available - 3 times the capacity in the NIMITZ class. This massive power is available even while answering a flank bell - no need to stop.
In CVN(X)-1 even with the new EMALs operating at peak power, the electrical plant will have approximately 50MW of excess capacity. EMALS is in engineering development and is proving the technology to store large amounts of electrical power, so we won't require "peak" EMALS power continuously.
CVN(X)-1 will deliver in Sept 2014, with a 50 year service life. Advances in electrical generation and high energy weapons, including increases in capacity and decreases in size, will be notable. Accordingly, we could still be underestimating the electric power we will need. We are looking at a "built in" plan for the addition of more power in the future as it is needed. (A cost effective "just in time“ approach). The reactor plant could support this with some tradeoffs in speed or endurance.
The real key for the Navy is to move out on a Navy-wide Electric Warship strategy that will enable us to take advantage of developments in directed energy weapons, high power microwaves, and electromagnetic guns. (These are not inexpensive efforts, and they must pass affordability tests. However, it is important we make reasonable progress.) 32 29 24 16
CVN21 Installed
NIMITZ
NIMITZ
NIMITZ Base
Add Electric
Add EMALs
Future
Capacity
Installed
Design Basis
Load Today
Auxiliaries,
Capacity
Capacity
Hotel Services

23. Carrier Class Comparison
USS Enterprise
NIMITZ Class (CVN 76)
CVN 21 Class
Catapults
4 x steam
4 x steam – Fat Cats
4 x EMALS
Arresting Gear & Barricade
5 x MK7-2
4 x MK7-4
4 x Adv Arresting Gear
Aircraft Elevators
4 x 91,000 lbs Hyd
4 x 200,000 lbs Hyd
3 x 200,000 lbs Hyd
Flight Deck
194,000 ft²
205,000 ft²
211,000 ft²
Hangar Deck
2 Bays
3 Bays
Weapons Elevators
Cabled-Electric
13 x 5,500 lbs
9 x 9,000 lbs
Adv Weapons Elev
11 x 24,000 lbs
Horizontal Weapons Movement Distance
~ 700 ft
~ 1225 ft
390 ft
Messing Area Consumed by Weapons Production (ft²/seats)
~ 3,000 ft² / 162 seats
11,650 ft² / 650 seats
0 ft² / 0 seats
Reactors
(8) A2W
(2) A4W
(2) A1B
Electric Turbine Gen 16 8 4
Accommodations
5,765
5,922
5,160
Galleys 5 2
Messrooms
11 rooms
13 rooms
Air Conditioning Plants
1,225 tons
6,400 tons
9,600 tons
Fresh Water Generation
Distillers
280,000 GPD
400,000 GPD
Reverse Osmosis
500,000 GPD

24. Questions?