1. Three States of Matter p. 32 – 35
Chapter 2 Section 1
Vocabulary:
states of matter
solid
liquid
surface tension
viscosity
gas
plasma

2. Three States of Matter
The states of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can
exist. They are solid, liquid, and gas. There is a fourth state of matter,
plasma, but it is rarely found on Earth. It is very high in energy and
therefore, difficult to contain. It is found in the sun and in stars.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

3. Particles of Matter
Matter is made up of tiny particles of matter called atoms and
molecules. Atoms and molecules are always in motion and are
always bumping into each other. The particles interact with each
other, and the way they interact with each other helps determine
the state of matter.

4. Solids
A solid is state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite
volume. The particles of a substance in a solid state are very close
together. the attraction between them is stronger than the
attraction between the particles of the same substance in the
liquid or gaseous state. The particles of a solid move ever so
slightly to vibrate in place. Each particle is locked in place by the
particle around it.
Solids
Solid

5. There Are Two Kinds of Solids
There are two kinds of solids – crystalline and amorphous.
Crystalline solids have a very orderly, three-
dimensional arrangement of particles. The particles
are in a repeating pattern of rows. Examples include
iron, diamond and ice.
Amorphous solids are made of particles that do
not have a special arrangement. Each particle is
in one place, but the particles are not arranged
in a pattern. Examples of amorphous solids are
glass, rubber, and wax.

6. Liquids
Liquid is the state of matter that has a definite volume, but no
definite shape. It takes on the shape of its container. The
particles of a liquid move fast enough to overcome some of the
attractions between. The particles slide past each other until
the liquid takes the shape of its container. Although liquids
easily change shape, they do not easily change volume!

7. Liquids Have Unique Characteristics
A special property of liquids is surface tension. Surface tension is
a force that acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid. Surface
tension causes some liquids to form round drops. Different liquids
have different surface tensions. Because gasoline has a low
surface tension, it forms flat drops. Water has high surface tension
and forms round drops.
Another important property of liquids is viscosity. Viscosity is the
liquid’s resistance to flow. Substances like honey pour more slowly
than water, so we say that honey has a high viscosity - the slower
the substance flows, the higher the viscosity!

8. Gases Gas is the state of matter that has no definite shape and no
definite volume. The particles of a gas move quickly. They can
break away completely from one another. There is less attraction
between particles of gas than between particles of the same
substance in the solid or liquid state.
The amount of space between gas particles can change. The gas
particles will spread out as far as their container will let them. If
they are in a small container, they may be closer together than
they would be in large container.

9. The Matter Song – Solid or a Liquid or a Gas

10. Quiz Time! 1. How are the particles in a crystalline solid arranged?
in a repeating pattern of rows that forms an orderly, three-
dimensional figure.
2. How are the particles of an amorphous solid arranged?
There is no special arrangement. Each particle is in one place,
but they are not in any kind of pattern.
3. What is surface tension?
It is a force that acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid.
4. What is viscosity?
It is a liquid’s ability to flow. the thicker the liquid (honey), the
higher its viscosity. The thinner the liquid (gasoline), the lower
its viscosity.

11. 5. The particles of a ______ are very far apart and move
independently of each other.
gas
6. The shape and volume of matter in the ______ state do not change.
solid
7. One property that all particles of matter of matter have in common
is they:
A. never move in solids
B. move only in gases
C. move constantly
D. None of the above C