1. Integrating Human Wellbeing in the Open Standards Guidance and Innovations Updated December 2014 1

2. Topics Background Broad Overview of What’s In the Open Standards Human Wellbeing Guidance 2

3. Cross Organizational Collaboration CMP working group from Summit 2010 Working group follow up in September 2011 (FOS staff, Judy Boshoven, and Judy Braus) FOS lab meeting – October 2011 (Amielle DeWan, Cristina Lasch, Estuardo Secaira, John Morrison, Judy Boshoven, Tess Present & FOS) Working group from Measures Summit 2011 Produced revisions to OS (accepted May 2012), developed guidance (accepted June 2012)

4. There is no way we can work here without addressing or recognizing human needs We have to prove to our constituency that there is a benefit to them beyond biodiversity Open Standards do not work in complex social situations What People Have Been Saying 4

5. How We Have Dealt with It Clarified how strategies are often social in nature and done in service of conservation

6. How We Have Dealt with It Conservation targets with a single link over to human wellbeing targets

7. This Was Not Enough! 7

8. Ecosystem services as human wellbeing targets Human Wellbeing Applied without Guidance: Example 1

9. Ecosystem Services as factors between conservation and human wellbeing targets Human Wellbeing Applied without Guidance: Example 2

10. Human wellbeing target in direct conflict with conservation Human Wellbeing Applied without Guidance: Example 3

11. Socioeconomic indicators, other factors outside conservation domain Human Wellbeing Applied without Guidance: Example 4

12. Missed opportunities for strengthening projects Erosion of language and concepts Weakening of the Open Standards Reduced opportunities for learning across projects Why Are These Inconsistencies a Problem?

13. Topics Background Broad Overview of What’s In the Open Standards Human Wellbeing Guidance 13

14. 1.Explicit recognition and definition of Human Wellbeing within OS 2.Link to conservation targets via ecosystem services 3.Socially beneficial results and human wellbeing targets are not the same 4.Conditions for setting HWT goals 14 What Is in OS Version 3.0 Four Main Concepts

15. 1. Explicit recognition and definition of Human Wellbeing within OS Human wellbeing target definition: Aspects of human wellbeing that the project chooses to focus on. In the context of a conservation project, human wellbeing targets focus on those components of human wellbeing affected by the status of conservation targets.

16. 16 1. (continued) Explicit recognition and definition of Human Wellbeing within OS If adding HWT, do so in Step 1D, Complete Situation Analysis

17. Human wellbeing is achieved via ecosystem services provided by functioning conservation targets Services that intact, functioning ecosystems, species, and habitats provide and that can benefit people 2. Link to conservation targets via ecosystem services

18. 3. Socially beneficial results and HWTs are not the same Result directly benefiting humans Specific Example General Relationship Loggers get more money for certified products Eco-certification of timber harvesting Case 1: HWB enhanced via socially- oriented strategy

19. Ecosystem service results contributing to human wellbeing Case 2: HWB enhanced via ecosystem services General Relationship Specific Example Patrolling happens… Illegal loggers caught & fined Access to timber over long term Illegal logging declines Improved filtering capacity Availability of clean water Forestry livelihoods Strengthening of law enforcement Human health Forest conserved 3. Socially beneficial results and HWTs are not the same

20. 20 If a team sets HWT goals, they should be clearly dependent upon the status of the conservation target(s) and/or the ecosystem services they provide So, NO to goals related to reducing HIV infection or decreasing cholesterol levels But, YES to goals related to access to food sources because conserved biological targets are improving crop pollination services 4. Conditions for Setting Human Wellbeing Goals

21. Why We Should Use a Common Approach to Address Human Wellbeing Create clarity about relationship between conservation and human wellbeing and about what teams are trying to achieve Improves the Open Standards Speak a common language, compare across projects, and learn from one another

22. Topics Background Broad Overview of What’s In the Open Standards Human Wellbeing Guidance 22

23. Human Wellbeing – How To Guidance Address within Situation Analysis (Step 1D – or Step 1B) 1.Determine whose wellbeing you are interested in 2.Identify ecosystem services affected by conservation target status (MA categories) and link to conservation targets 3.Identify human wellbeing targets and link to ecosystem services 4.Be clear about socially beneficial results and human wellbeing targets 5.If relevant, identify key attributes of human wellbeing and set human wellbeing goals 6.If relevant, identify indicators for ecosystem services and/or human wellbeing 23

24. 1. Determine Whose Wellbeing Whose wellbeing are we actually targeting? Thematic (example: all parties along a particular supply chain?) Geographic (example: all people that live within the Scope of the project? Wider? Global?) What about future generations? 24

25. 2. Identify Ecosystem Services 25 TypeDefinitionExamples ProvisioningProducts obtained from ecosystemsFood, fuelwood, water, minerals, pharmaceuticals, biochemicals, energy RegulatingBenefits obtained from regulation of ecosystem processes Carbon sequestration, climate regulation, waste decomposition, water/air purification, crop pollination, pest control SupportingServices necessary for production of all other ecosystem services Nutrient dispersal & cycling, seed dispersal, soil formation CulturalNon-material benefits obtained from ecosystems through spiritual enrichment, cognitive development, reflection, recreation, and aesthetic experiences Cultural diversity, spiritual & religious values, knowledge systems, educational values, inspiration Framework is for brainstorming! Actual categories do not matter – just clarity on what an ecosystem service is Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

26. 2. Identify Ecosystem Services 26 Identifying your ecosystem services and human wellbeing targets is often a parallel and iterative process Timber sources & products Eucalyptus Woodlands Seasonally Flooded Wetlands Fringing Shrublands Blue Billed Ducks Permanent Lakes Water flow regulation Populations of ducks for viewing Water for drinking Regulating Provisioning Cultural

27. Necessary material for a good life: including secure and adequate livelihoods, income and assets, enough food at all times, shelter, furniture, clothing, and access to goods; Health: including being strong, feeling well, and having a healthy physical environment; Good social relations: including social cohesion, mutual respect, good gender and family relations, and the ability to help others and provide for children; Security: including secure access to natural and other resources, safety of person and possessions, and living in a predictable and controllable environment with security from natural and human-made disasters; and Freedom and choice: including having control over what happens and being able to achieve what a person values doing or being 3. Identify Human Wellbeing Targets 27 Again, framework is for brainstorming! Actual categories do not matter – just clarity on what a human wellbeing target is Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Other frameworks out there – For example, Nature, Wealth, & Poverty; OECD Better Life Initiative; Sustainable Societies Index

28. 28 Timber sources & products Eucalyptus Woodlands Fringing Shrublands Blue Billed Ducks Permanent Lakes Spiritual health Forestry dependent livelihoods Security from natural disasters Tourism dependent livelihoods Physical health 3. Identify Human Wellbeing Targets Necessary material Security Health Water flow regulation Populations of ducks for viewing Water for drinking

29. 4. Be clear about socially beneficial results and human wellbeing targets 29 Result directly benefiting humans Specific Example General Relationship Loggers get more money for certified products Eco-certification of timber harvesting Case 1: HWB enhanced via socially- oriented strategy

30. 30 Conservation StrategyResults benefiting humans (and necessary for achieving conservation) Alternative livelihoodsIncreased income Diversified income sources Eco-certificationAccess to niche markets Increased income Sustainable resource management/ extraction Improved ability to manage resources sustainably Increased yields (in some cases) Improving governanceIncreased ability to influence decision making Empowerment Capacity building, technical assistance Improved technical skills Improved ability to manage Environmental educationIncreased knowledge and awareness 4. Be clear about socially beneficial results and human wellbeing targets Case 1: HWB enhanced via socially- oriented strategy

31. 31 4. Be clear about socially beneficial results and human wellbeing targets Case 2: HWB enhanced via ecosystem services General Relationship Specific Example Boat owners educated; Clean boats after each outing Fish available for sports fishing Reduction in introduction/ spread of NZ mudsnail Fish available for consumption Tourism livelihoods Prevention of New Zealand mudsnail introduction Human health Freshwater fish & invertebrates Ecosystem service results contributing to human wellbeing

32. 32 Result directly benefiting humans 4. Be clear about socially beneficial results and human wellbeing targets Case 3: HWB enhanced via multiple avenues General Relationship Specific Example Loggers get more money for certified products Eco- certification of timber harvesting Result also contributing to human wellbeing Access to timber over long term Improved filtering capacity Availability of clean water Human health Forestry livelihoods Ecosystem service results contributing to human wellbeing

33. 33 Use Results Chains to Show Trade-offs Regulations adequately enforced Enforcement of sustainable fishing regulations Fisheries livelihoods 4. Be clear about socially beneficial results and human wellbeing targets Illegal fishing decreases Pelagic fish status improved Adequate stocks of commercial fish over long term Fewer fish harvested per year Decreased income for fisheries over short term Fishers take up other illegal fishing practices

34. Use Results Chains to Show Trade-offs Ecosystem service results contributing to human wellbeing 4. Be clear about socially beneficial results and human wellbeing targets Fishers adopt fish farming practices Promote fish farming as alternative livelihood Fishers recoup lost income through fish farming Regulations adequately enforced Enforcement of sustainable fishing regulations Fisheries livelihoods Illegal fishing decreases Pelagic fish status improved Adequate stocks of commercial fish over long term Fewer fish harvested per year Decreased income for fisheries over short term Fishers take up other illegal fishing practices X Fishers do NOT take up other illegal fishing practices

35. When to consider setting goals Required to show human benefits (e.g., statutory, funding) Organization has higher level mission and/or goals and objectives related to human wellbeing; Stakeholders want to see change in HWB (won’t be satisfied with simply showing the conceptual linkages); Can increase support for efforts and broaden conservation impact by measuring human wellbeing benefits; Failure to set human wellbeing goals will undermine a team’s ability to achieve its conservation goals; and/or Team has resources to invest in setting and monitoring goals for human wellbeing. 35 5. Identify Key Attributes & Set Goals* * If relevant

36. When teams should NOT set goals Stakeholders have an interest in HWB but are comfortable with just understanding the conceptual linkages; Team is working with a narrow group of stakeholders whose main interest is biodiversity conservation; Team does not have funding or legal requirements to show human wellbeing impact; and/or Most importantly, it has limited resources –setting and monitoring human wellbeing goals would compromise team’s ability to implement its project well and monitor biodiversity results. 36 5. Identify Key Attributes & Set Goals* * If relevant

37. Criteria for HWB Goals: Linked to a human wellbeing target; Directly dependent on ecosystem services provided by conservation targets; Does not compromise the ability of conservation targets to adequately deliver any ecosystem service; and Time limited, measurable and specific (like conservation goals) 37 * If relevant 5. Identify Key Attributes & Set Goals*

38. 38 Key attribute of human wellbeing targets - aspects of a target that if present, define a healthy target and if missing or altered, would lead to the outright loss or extreme degradation of that target over time Key attributes can help you set good goals In the context of a conservation project, key attributes should be linked directly to the ecosystem services humans can access * If relevant

39. 39 Reliable access to natural areas/wildlife in good condition Supply of tourists interested in nature tourism Access to markets, right contacts Good business acumen Access to clean water in sufficient quantity Access to clean air Access to areas for recreation Access to good quality health care X X X X * If relevant 5. Identify Key Attributes & Set Goals*

40. 40 Goals: Attribute: Security from natural disasters Attribute: Reliable access to natural areas/wildlife in good condition Attribute: Access to clean water in sufficient quantity By 2030 and thereafter, at least 90% of nature tourism companies indicate they have sufficient good quality wildlife and habitat to draw in tourists By 2030 and thereafter, fewer than 10 cases of water-borne diseases are recorded annually within the region By 2030 and thereafter, damage to homes and farms from drought and flooding has decreased by at least 75%, compared to 2010 levels * If relevant

41. Caution on Key Attributes Teams should be aware of potential tensions between maximizing human wellbeing goals and what that means for conservation and ecosystem services 41

42. 42 Indicator: # cases of water-borne diseases recorded annually within the region Indicators: Annual $ value of damage to homes from flooding Annual $ value of damage to farms from drought and flooding Indicator: % nature tourism companies indicating sufficient quality wildlife and habitat By 2030 and thereafter, damage to homes and farms from drought and flooding has decreased by at least 75%, compared to 2010 levels By 2030 and thereafter, at least 90% of nature tourism companies indicate they have sufficient good quality wildlife and habitat to draw in tourists By 2030 and thereafter, fewer than 10 cases of water-borne diseases are recorded annually within the region Indicator: Fecal coliform concentration (in dry & wet seasons) Indicator: average daily cubic meters released by dry and wet season Indicator: Abundance of blue-billed ducks in tourism areas 6. Identify Indicators for Ecosystem Services &/or HWB* * If relevant

43. 6. Identify Indicators for Ecosystem Services &/or HWB* 43 When identifying ecosystem service indicators, look first to your conservation and human wellbeing targets * If relevant

44. 44 When identifying ecosystem service indicators, look first to your conservation and human wellbeing targets 6. Identify Indicators for Ecosystem Services &/or HWB* * If relevant

45. Take-Away Points 45 Human wellbeing targets achieved via ecosystem services provided by functioning conservation targets BUT conservation strategies can also directly improve human wellbeing Loggers get more money for certified products Eco- certification of timber harvesting Increased stocks of commercial fish Fish. Depdt Livelihoods Salmon

46. Take-Away Points 46 It doesn’t matter what framework you use for brainstorming ecosystem services or HWTs – but, be clear about the difference and relationships