1. A Map of Sprinter Railway What is the function of this transportation system?

2. The Cardiovascular System AKA The Circulatory System

3. Functions Carries needed materials Carries needed materials –Oxygen from lungs to body –Glucose to the body Removes waste Removes waste –Carbon dioxide from body to lungs Fights Disease Fights Disease –Cells of the blood destroy micro- organisms

4. Organs of the Cardiovascular system Heart Heart Arteries Arteries Capillaries Capillaries Veins Veins

5. Function- Pumps blood through the cardiovascular systemFunction- Pumps blood through the cardiovascular system Made of – Cardiac muscleMade of – Cardiac muscle It is involuntaryIt is involuntary It never tiresIt never tires It is striatedIt is striated Heart

6. Heart Structure Has two sides separated by a wall called the septum Has two sides separated by a wall called the septum Each side has two chambers Each side has two chambers –Top chambers are called atria (atrium) –Bottom chambers are called ventricles The pacemaker is a group of cells that start each muscle contraction The pacemaker is a group of cells that start each muscle contraction Valves – are flaps that stop blood from flowing backwards Valves – are flaps that stop blood from flowing backwards

8. How the heart works Phase One - Muscle relaxes and heart fills with blood Phase One - Muscle relaxes and heart fills with blood Phase Two - Muscle contracts and blood is pushed out of the heart Phase Two - Muscle contracts and blood is pushed out of the heart –Atria contract and blood is pushed from atria through valves into the ventricles –Ventricles contract and blood is pushed through valves into the body Each contraction of the muscle exerts a force on the blood Each contraction of the muscle exerts a force on the blood

9. Blood vessels When blood leaves the heart it travels through blood vessels When blood leaves the heart it travels through blood vessels Blood vessel types Blood vessel types –Arteries – carry blood away from heart –Capillaries where materials are exchanged between body cells and blood –Veins – carry blood back to the heart Artery grown from a patients own skin cells

10. Capillary

11. Blood Flow The heart is two pumps: The heart is two pumps: First loop – through lungs First loop – through lungs – Blood travels from heart to lungs and back to the heart Second loop – through body Second loop – through body –Blood travels from heart through the body and back to the heart

12. First loop The pump to the lungs Blood going into the atrium of the right side of the heart has little oxygen and is dark red Blood going into the atrium of the right side of the heart has little oxygen and is dark red Blood is pumped through the right valve into the right ventricle Blood is pumped through the right valve into the right ventricle Blood is pushed out of the ventricle through the lungs where it picks up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide Blood is pushed out of the ventricle through the lungs where it picks up oxygen and drops off carbon dioxide Blood returns to the left side of the heart Blood returns to the left side of the heart

13. Blood travels from the heart to the lungs and back. It picks up oxygen in the lungs

14. Second loop The pump to the body Blood going into the atrium of the left side of the heart has a lot of oxygen and is bright red Blood going into the atrium of the left side of the heart has a lot of oxygen and is bright red Blood is pumped through the left valve into the left ventricle and then out into the aorta Blood is pumped through the left valve into the left ventricle and then out into the aorta The aorta branches into capillaries where oxygen is transferred from the blood to the body cells and carbon dioxide is removed The aorta branches into capillaries where oxygen is transferred from the blood to the body cells and carbon dioxide is removed

15. The blood travels from the heart to the body and back. In the body, it delivers oxygen to the body cells and removes carbon dioxide

16. Arteries carry blood away from heart Aorta – the largest artery, carries blood out of the left side of the heart Aorta – the largest artery, carries blood out of the left side of the heart Coronary arteries – carry blood to the heart muscle Coronary arteries – carry blood to the heart muscle Structure – arteries have thick muscular walls to absorb force of heart contractions Structure – arteries have thick muscular walls to absorb force of heart contractions Pulse – is when the arteries are expanded by the blood being pushed through by the heart’s contractions Pulse – is when the arteries are expanded by the blood being pushed through by the heart’s contractions Control blood flow – the muscles in the walls of the arteries can expand and contract to allow more or less blood to flow through them Control blood flow – the muscles in the walls of the arteries can expand and contract to allow more or less blood to flow through them

17. Artery

18. Capillaries Materials are exchanged between the blood and body cells Materials are exchanged between the blood and body cells Walls of capillaries are one cell thick and oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose can pass through easily Walls of capillaries are one cell thick and oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose can pass through easily Materials pass through the walls of the capillaries by a process called diffusion Materials pass through the walls of the capillaries by a process called diffusion

19. Capillaries have walls that are one cell thick and lets material through

20. Veins carry blood to the heart Vena cava – are the largest veins in the body and carry blood to the right side of the heart Vena cava – are the largest veins in the body and carry blood to the right side of the heart Structure – have thinner walls than arteries – they absorb less of the force of the heart’s contractions - also contain muscle Structure – have thinner walls than arteries – they absorb less of the force of the heart’s contractions - also contain muscle Blood is also moved along veins with contractions of skeletal muscle around them and backward flow is prevented by valves along the insides of the walls Blood is also moved along veins with contractions of skeletal muscle around them and backward flow is prevented by valves along the insides of the walls

21. Valves along the vein prevent blood backflow Veins have thinner walls Than arteries Vein

22. Blood pressure Caused by the ventricles of the heart pushing the blood with a force Caused by the ventricles of the heart pushing the blood with a force Blood is pushed through the blood vessels because of this force Blood is pushed through the blood vessels because of this force Blood pressure decreases the farther you are from the heart Blood pressure decreases the farther you are from the heart

23. Measuring blood pressure Sphygmomanometer – measures millimeters of Mercury Sphygmomanometer – measures millimeters of Mercury Two numbers are obtained Two numbers are obtained –One when the heart is contracting –Second is when the heart is relaxed

24. Diseases Coronary disease Blocked coronary arteries prevent delivery of Oxygen to the heart muscle and results in the Death of cardiac muscle

25. Diseases Varicose veins When your muscles are relaxed the vein valves are closed and blood pools. This might cause the walls of the veins to become damaged. Valves can also become damaged

26. Diseases Arteriosclerosis