1. Latitude and Longitude

2.  A grid system that allows us to pinpoint exact areas on the Earth

3. Latitude  Lines are horizontal  Measure distances north and south  7 major lines 90 60 30 0 60 90 0

4. Equator o The “imaginary” line that separates the northern and southern hemispheres o Zero (0) degrees latitude. Equator

5. Longitude  Longitude lines are vertical  Measure distances East and West  There are 2 major longitude lines

6. Major Lines of Longitude 0°180° Prime Meridian International Date Line Front Side of the Globe. Runs through Greenwich, England Back Side of the Globe. The date switches as you cross over this line 9/10/069/9/06 EastWest

7. Prime Meridian o The line that separates the eastern and western hemispheres. Starts in Greenwich, England

8. Mr. Globe will help us understand the differences between latitude and longitude. Look at the center (the middle) of Mr. Globe. There you will see Mr. Globe's belt. The belt is like the equator of the Earth. The equator is an example of a latitude line. Other latitude lines run east and west (see dashed lines). Also, think of a ladders rungs. The rungs on a ladder run east and west. Still ladder and latitude, sound similar in the first syllable... Mr. Globe with his orange LONG tie for LONGitude. Now look at Mr. Globe's tie. Yes, it is orange; Mr. Globe isn't too fashion conscience.... Think of longitude as a LONG tie on Mr. Globe. The tie hangs up and down on Mr. Globe. This is like LONGitude lines on a globe or map. Also, remember the first four letters of LONGitude are LONG. fashion

9. o Each degree of latitude or longitude is further divided into 60 minutes and each minute is divided into 60 seconds. o This grid system of latitude and longitude allows you to pinpoint a location on Earth precisely.

10. Hemispheres o The earth is divided into halves, the northern and southern, or the eastern and western

11. Compass Rose NW SE NE SW NNE ENE ESE SSE SSW WSW WNW NNW E S W

12. Time Zones in the US What are time zones and why do we have them?

13. Time Zones How many degrees of longitude are there in each time zone? 24 time zones – 360 degrees of longitude = 15◦

14. Mercator Projection o Depicts earth as if a large cylinder of paper had been wrapped around the planet o Rectangular Shape + Lines of latitude and longitude are straight + Easy to measure straight distances - Distortion occurs in the polar regions

15. Conic Projection o Made as if a cone of paper had been wrapped around the earth

16. Conic Projection o Triangle Shaped + Very accurate for small areas +/- Latitude lines are parallel but not straight +/- Longitude lines are straight, but not parallel - Distorts large areas

17. Map Scale o Tells you how the map’s features compare in size with the actual Earth’s surface…the scale is usually found in the map legend box o 3 types of scales: Graphic, Verbal and Ratio o The ratio indicates how many units on the Earth’s surface is equal to one unit on the map o In the example below 1” on the map, equals 1200” on the Earth

18. Cartography o The science of map making

19. Cartographer o A mapmaker, a person that creates maps