1. Overskrift her Navn på oplægsholder Navn på KU- enhed For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod SAXO Institute A Tale of Two Cities: inequality in death in Copenhagen and Madrid in late 19th and early 20th century Bárbara Revuelta-Eugercios SAXO-Institute, Humanistic Health Research and Bio-History Group lwq600@hum.ku.dk Project undertaken within the Mobilex Mobility Grant, financed by the Danish Council for Independent Research and FP7 Marie Curie Actions- COFUND (DFF-1321-00136). BioHistory Group Research Seminar, Saxo Institute, KUA 11 September 2014

2. Tekst starter uden punktopstilling For at få punkt- opstilling på teksten, brug forøg indrykning For at få venstre- stillet tekst uden punktopstilling, brug formindsk indrykning Overskrift her For at ændre ”Enhedens navn” og ”Sted og dato”: Klik i menulinjen, vælg ”Indsæt” > ”Sidehoved / Sidefod”. Indføj ”Sted og dato” i feltet for dato og ”Enhedens navn” i Sidefod Socio-economic differences: life and death of the poor København, 11 September 2014 Dias 2 SAXO Institute

3. København, 11 September 2014 Dias 3 Antonovsky 1967 Marmot 2003; Link & Phelan 1995; Cassel 1967 (Riley 2001; Woods & Sheldon 2000) CONSTANCY DIVERGENCE The evolution of SES mortality differences in the past Similar mortality The poor die more The rich die more The Industrial Revolution DIVERGENCE- CONVERGENCE 18002000 1900

4. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 4 Richness of aggregated sources and contemporaries’ accounts BUT with serious limitations

5. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 5 STATES INDIVIDUAL High % Inmigrants and High Literacy rate Inmigrants had a higher literacy rate Why aren’t they the same? Migrants settled in states with higher literacy rates ( Example from Robinson (1950) using 1860s US census data) Limitations: the aggregate and the individual (the ecological fallacy) (Assuming that what is true for aggregates is true for individuals) LOWER

6. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 6 Deaths Population Mortality rate Unregistered Migrants = Limitations: mismatch of numbers

7. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 7 MORTALITY FERTILITY NUPTIALITY MIGRATION Limitations: false homogeneity

8. The promise of linked individual data SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 8 Birth Marriage Birth Miscarriage Birth Father death Birth Child death Husband death Move Child marries Child migrates 2nd marriage Death Mother death 1875 18951885 190519151925 1935 1945 Maria Her mother Her father Her husband København Frederiksberg Her children

9. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 9 -Reaching the people without history and the most basic aspects of their lives: tension vs. agency and constraints -Contextualizing people and lives in households and families -Implementing the life course approach in historical research: studying how different events at different times affected their lives The potential gains ONGOING WORK IN THIS DIRECTION Scania & Sundsvall valley (Sweden) Alghero, Casuguidi and Madregolo (Italy) Quebec (Canada) Geneva (Switzerland) Netherlands HPS (Netherlands) Derbyshire (England) Rosny-sous-Boi (France) TRA (France) COR for Antwerp (Belgium) Norway Population Registry (Norway) Transilvania Population History Aranjuez (Spain) … -Tracking changes over generations -Comparing with other settings

10. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Dias 10 - Rural areas or small towns The reasonable of limits of the individual-level data: size and scope Little variability No full effects of modernization process - Small number of events - Sample selection bias Impossible to study scarce events Uncertainty in results Unrepresentativeness of particular groups Uncertainty in results

11. A Tale of two Cities: inequality in death in Copenhagen and Madrid in late 19th and early 20th century. AIM To explore and understand how socio-economic differences arose in the particular lives of individuals and to what extent it was mediated by other individual and contextual characteristics HOW Linked individual level data Household level information+vital events Two major European cities: Wide variability Sufficient numbers Full coverage But… Reduced length of study: 3-5 years

12. For Madrid SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 12 LISTING OF INHABITANTS 1/2 FOUNDLING HOSPITAL OF MADRID DATABASE CIVIL REGISTRATION Births 1905-6 Deaths 1905-6 POPULATION EVENTS OTHER SOURCES HGIS HISDATA-MAD OTHER METADATA & DATA

13. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 13 www.idehistoricamadrid.es For Madrid

14. The Copenhagen Population Database SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 14 Census 1880 Census 1885

15. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 15 Census 1880 Census 1885  Scanned  Transcribed The Copenhagen Population Database Census records

16. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 16 Census 1880 Census 1885 Deaths 1880-1885 The Copenhagen Population Database

17. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 17 Census 1880 Census 1885 Deaths 1880-1885  Scanned  Transcribed The Copenhagen Population Database Death certificates

18. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 18 Census 1880 Census 1885 Deaths 1880-1885 Migration 1880-1885 The Copenhagen Population Database

19. Census 1885 SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 19 Census 1880 Deaths 1880-1885 Migration 1880-1885 The Copenhagen Population Database Police Migration Records  Scanned  Transcribed

20. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 20 Census 1880 Census 1885 Births 1880 Deaths 1880-1885 Migration 1880-1885 The Copenhagen Population Database

21. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 21 Census 1880 Census 1885 Births 1880 Deaths 1880-1885 Migration 1880-1885  Scanned  Transcribed The Copenhagen Population Database Parish Books

22. Reconstruction of partial lifecourses in Copenhagen, 1880-1885 SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 22 1880 1885 188118821883 1884 0-5 20-24 15-19 5-9 10-14 30-34 25-29 35-39 40-44 45-50 0-5 20-24 15-19 5-9 10-14 30-34 25-29 35-39 40-44 45-50 CENSUS INFORMATION Age Sex Marital status HH position Occupation Rent Place of birth Place of residence Religion Disabilities … For infants: Parents, family connections, etc 51-54 SAME INDIVIDUAL AND HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION DEATH MIGRATION Also study of infant and early childhood

23. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 23 Contributions - Socio-economic differences in mortality - Nuanced view of life and death in the city - Focus on vulnerable populations - International comparison But also, a take-off platform for many more studies…

24. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 24 Census 1880 Census 1885 Births 1880 Deaths 1880-1885 Migration 1880-1885 Marriages 1800-1885 Births 1880-85 The Copenhagen Population Database: Extended Version

25. SAXO Institute København, 11 September 2014 Slide 25 København, 11 September 2014 Slide 25 Conscription records Hospital records Company records School records Tax records Union records Insurance records Copenhangen Population Database 1880-1885 University records Survey information POLITIETS REGISTERBLADE HGIS The Copenhagen Population Database: More Extended Version

26. A Tale of two Cities: inequality in death in Copenhagen and Madrid in late 19th and early 20th century. Thank you for your attention! Bárbara Revuelta-Eugercios lwq600@hum.ku.dk And... want to help?