1. SPES status Second international SPES workshop Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, May 26, 2014 Gianfranco Prete Project leader

2. LARAMED Project @ LNL The four phases of SPES     BEST Cyclotron: - 70 MeV - 1 mA Research and production of RadioIsotopes for medicine Study of neutron rich nuclei Accelerator based neutron source (cosmic spectrum and QMN beams)

3. The goal of SPES Selective Production of Exotic Species Optimized use of the two exits high current proton driver production of re-accelerated neutron- rich exotic beams 10 13 fission/s in-target production, and re-acceleration at 10*A MeV (A=132) Radioisotope production & Medical applications innovative radiopharmaceuticals (e.g. Sr-82, Cu- 64, Cu-67) Fast neutron production & material applications: Atmospheric neutron spectra, QMN Single Event Effect, neutron capture cross sections

4. TERRA INCOGNITA SPES beams SPES Selective Production (and reacceleration) of Exotic Species Fission process is the prefered way to produce neutron-rich beams

5. Physics Domain with RIB SPES today Second generation today

6. SPES organization Steering Committee INFN MAC TAC SAC Scientific Advisory Committee Gilles de France (GANIL), B.Fornal (Kracow), P.Van Duppen (Leuven- Rex-Isolde), T. Motobayashi (RIKEN), K.Gelbke, (FRIB) T.Aumann (Darmstadt), A.Vittuti, A.Olmi ex-officio: G. deAngelis, G.Cuttone, G.Fiorentini, G.Prete Y. Blumenfeld (IPN-Orsay), L.Miralles (CERN), R. Ferdinand (GANIL), D. Rifuggiato (LNS), R. Catherall (ISOLDE), M. Pelliccioni (INFN), G.Bisoffi (LNL) Technical Advisory Committee SPES Project Leader Management Board Project Group Scientific working group Scientific coordinator INFN nuclear physics community Steering Committee: Giovanni LaRana, (Sez. Napoli) Mauro Bruno (Sez. Bologna) Sara Pirrone (Sez. Catania) Adriana Nannini (Sez. Firenze) Franco Camera (Sez. Milano) Dino Bazzacco (Sez. Padova) Lorenzo Corradi (LNL) Titti Agodi (LNS) Luigi Cosentino (LNS)

7. accelerator coordinator: G.Bisoffi infrastructure coordinator: P.Favaron radioprotection coordinator: D.Zafiropoulos Management office Coordinator: G.Bisoffi Quality & safety Management System: D.Benini System integration: E.Fagotti Project leader: G.Prete radiation protection and safety (B2): D.Zafiropoulos (J.Esposito) Infrastructures (B3): P.Favaron (M.Calderolla) scientific support (B1): F.Gramegna (J.Valiente) Controls (B4): M.Bellato (M.Gulmini) Cyclotron (B5): A.Lombardi (M.Maggiore) exotic beams (B6): A.Andrighetto (M.Manzolaro) beam transport and selection (B7): A.Pisent (M.Comunian) RFQ (B8): A.Pisent (R.Dima) re-accelerator (B9): G.Bisoffi (A.Porcellato) mechanics and engineering (B10): A.Andrighetto (M.Rossignoli) vacuum systems (B11): AM.Porcellato (C.Roncolato) Work Packages responsible (deputy) Project group scientific coordinator: G.deAngelis

8. SPES personnel plan SPES personnel in 2014 Personnel involved: 80 persons 40 FTE 45 (18 FTE) staff 10 (7 FTE) temporary contracts 15 (15 FTE) training

9. NATIONAL LEVEL SPES collaboration INTERNATIONAL LEVEL EUROPE LEA Colliga  France-Italy (SPES, SPIRAL2,ALTO,EXCYT,FRIB, Coll. on Det.) ISOLDE (CERN)  SPES (Italy ) LEA (under signature)  Poland-Italy MoU (in preparation)  ELI-np - SPES International collaboration on Innovative Itinerant Detectors & on experimental proposals to keep a qualified & competitive level AGATA, FAZIA, PARIS, NEDA, GASPARD Italy  France, England, Spain, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Germany, Croatia, Sweden, Finland, Denmark. WORLD MoU (signed)  iTHEMBA-Labs - INFN HRIBF (ORNL) RIKEN, MSU-FRIBS, RISP-KOREA, BARC, NEW DEHLI, DUBNA, MOSCA SPES scientific and technical collaboration European ISOL Roadmap toward Second Generation ISOL facilities PD LNL BO FI CT LNS NA BA MI PV TN Acc.Techologies & Mechanics (INFN divisions and Universities) Milano, Bologna, LNS, LNL, Pavia, Trento, Palermo. Physics Programs & Detectors (INFN) (Bari, Bologna, Catania, Firenze, Milano, LNL, LNS, Padova, Trento, Napoli)

10. SPES2010 Workshop (LNL- November 15 th -17 th, 2010) 24 LoI’s for reaccelerated exotic beams PRISMA GALILEO *Fazia **CHIMERA TRACE GARFIELD *NEDA *AGATA RIPEN *PARIS Presented 37 Letters of Intents

11. The target materials we are developing for the SPES ISOL facility, will allow to produce a variety of beams both in the neutron- rich and the neutron- poor area UCx target Other target materials 7Be* 10Be* 21Na * 22Na * 22 Mg*Mg* 23 Mg*Mg* 24Al* 25Al* 26 Al* 29P* Proton induced reactions SPES: Targets and beams

12. SPES beam intensities (fission UCx) after re-acceleration (q+) Reaccelerated Beam intensity

13. Energy from SPES Post- Accelerator as function of A/q Preliminary results from alpi performances with 2 cavities as margin, Low Beta=5 MV/m, Medium Beta=4.3 MV/m, High Beta=5.5 MV/m (M. Comunian)

14. Existing facility ALPI Exp.Hall_3 Tandem Accelerator system at underground level to match existing ALPI beam line 2 ISOL bunkers for redundance and optimal operation SPES Facility Layout

15. SPES Layout Cyclotron 3° ExpHall ALPI RFQ ----- MRMS – CB --- 1+ RIB line ----- HRMS -- CB ------ISOL--------Cyclotron LARAMEDNEPIR CORE-SPES

16. SPES 1+ Experimental room Implementation of the 1+ experimental area: use of the by-pass in both directions ( under design) The SPES Technical Advisory Committee suggested to implement the 1+ experimental area and beam line

17. Cyclotron ISOL bunker SPES building under construction

18. Cyclotron ISOL bunker SPES building under construction

19. Cyclotron Schedule (2013- 2014) 201320142015 IIIIIIIIIII Final Assembly and Testing Factory Commissioning Disassembly and Shipping Installation at LNL Commissioning at LNL The Contract with BEST Theratronics provides for: Cyclotron Two exit channels High power beam transport line (up to SPES target)

20. 22-23 January 2014A. Lombardi20 The main magnet ready for the rf resonators The first rf resonator successfully tested inside the test stand The D voltage distribution

21. SPES DIRECT TARGET CONCEPT to operate with 8 kW proton beam Target under operation at 2000 o C Direct Target carefully designed to reach 10 13 fissions/s with 8 kW proton beam. (Thermo-mechanical considerations) In beam test performed at iThemba lab on May 2014. Prototype under operation. Fully developed front-end following ISOLDE design. UCx target completely developed Technical highlights (A.Andrighetto)

22. iThemba test SPES target in-beam power test. (SiC target) Heater power compensated by proton beam. Up to 4 kW proton beam in target. Stable temperatures Stable vacuum (3 10 -5 mbar) Proton beam 66MeV 60  A T disk T box heater Proton current T disk 1450 o C T box 1200 o C Heater power Tanks to Rob, Lowry and all the iThemba_Labs Cyclotron staff iThemba_Labs, May 17 th, 2014

23. High Resolution Mass Separator & Beam Cooler 1.3 mm DM=2.5 10 -5 Electrostatic Plates to correct the voltage ripple of the H.V. platform 20 cm Plates gap 6 cm, ± 750 V to correct ± 5 V platform ripple 10 cm Typical voltage fluctuation frequency 200-300 Hz, <<10kHz Scaled-up version of the separator designed by Cary Davids for CARIBU, Argonne Mass resolution: 1/40000 (eng. design: 1/25000) COOLBEAM experiment financed by INFN-CSN5, 2012  2015 Collaboration: LNL-LNS, Mi bicocca Beam Cooler to match the HRMS input requirements High Resolution Mass Separator Physics Design stage L.Calabretta, M.Comunian, A.Russo M.Maggiore

24. Collaboration with LPSC for SPES Charge Breeder The development of an Upgraded POHENIX booster is Part of a MoU in the frame of the European Associated Laboratories (LEA-Colliga) with GANIL. (In exchange: development of the n-converter for SPIRAL2 by INFN) Project and construction by LPSC_Grenoble (worldwide competence in ECR and CB) 2010 Preliminary measurements 2011 Conceptual design and schedule definition 2012 Design 2013 Agreement definition 2014 Construction 2015 Commissioning

25. Reacceleration: new RFQ and Upgraded ALPI layout Additional cryostats: Increase total Energy Cryostats relocated from PIAVE: reduce losses from 40% to 20% Optimize transport efficiency Increase energy ~ 10 MeV/A (A/q=7) Mechanical layout of the RFQ tank module (length about 1 meter) Total RFQ: 7 modules high transmission RFQ (>95%) to match the ALPI entrance requirements RFQ Energy 5.7 –> 727.3 [β=0.0395] KeV/A (A/q=7) Beam transmission >95%, low RMS longitudinal emittance at output: 0.15 ns*keV/u. Length 695 cm (7 modules) intervane voltage 63.8 – 85.8 kV RF power (four vanes) 100 kW.

26. QSMS: Quality and Safety Management System ISO 12100:2010/14121:2007 for all Quality aspects OHSAS 18001:2007 for Safety issues  FMEA - Failure Mode and Effects Analyses  FMECA - Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analyses  HAZOP - HAZard and Operability study RISK analisys SAFETY system QSMS defined On the way the risk analisys (collaboration with nuclear eng. Palermo) Developed Safety systems (software and hardware) for ISOL lab. Contacts with italian companies for full design (SOGIN, NUCLECO, ENEL,..) SPES safety system on the way hot item for 2014

27. cyclotron 2 weeks per shift Beam preparation 2 days Beam on target 12 days Beam on target  280 hours per shift Each bunker will cool down for 14 days after target irradiation. 7 shifts for cyclotron maintainance Expected Beam on target 9000 hours per year (final configuration with 2 ISOL targets): ≈4500 hours/year for Nuclear Physics ≈4500 hours/year for Applications SPES CYCLOTRON load work LARAMED Radioisotope production area NEPIR Neutron area ISOL

28. 28 LARAMED project production of radionuclides for medicine radioisotopes production     Among applications, production of radionuclides of medical interest is particularly interesting. Aim is the production of I.innovative radiopharmaceuticals (e.g. Sr-82, Cu- 64, Cu-67) II.traditional radiopharmaceutical with new approaches (Tc-99m) The model is the ARRONAX center in France at Nantes, where a similar cyclotron is in operation. By exploting the cyclotron and its building, a center for medical radioisotopes can be built, with a cost of 10-30 Meuros depending on the number of production lines. Partnership with industry is under discussion Project under construction Infrastructures funded (7 Meuro) Leadership: A.Duatti Production of radioisotopes of medical interest at different proton energies

29. Union for Compact Accelerator-based Neutron Sources Energy region (MeV) Sn (n/s) ~ 6∙10 14 s -1  n @ 2.5 m (n cm -2 s -1 )  n @ 1 cm (n cm -2 s -1 ) 1 < E < 10 ~ 5∙10 14 s -1 5  10 8 3  10 13 10 < E < 50 ~ 1∙10 14 s -1 1  10 8 6x10 12 Integral neutron production at SPES Cyclotron Proton beam= 70 MeV, 500  A Target = W 5mm NEPIR: cyclotron neutron facility Quasi mono energetic n-spectra Single Event Effect facility Simulate terrestrial neutron flux (* 3 10 8 ) p-beam: 70MeV 3  A 70 MeV protons on Pb-Be rotating composite target 3 10 5 n cm -2 s -1 p-beam: 70MeV 50  A Φ n = ~ 1.0∙10 11 cm -2 s -1 p-beam 50MeV, 0.5mA moderated n-spectra Rotating target prototype Project at Design study level

30. N.ItemMeuro 1ISOL target and laser source3.2 2UCx laboratory2.6 3Transport of radioactive beam7.7 4High resolution mass selection (HRMS and Beam Cooler) (FULL_SPES)(2.7) 5Charge Breeder1.5 6RFQ preacceleration3.7 7ALPI superconductive linac Upgrade5.6 8Control systems and safety3.6 TOTALE27.9 (30.6) Already invested 20.5 Meuro up to 2012 Building 6.5 Cyclotron 10.5 ISOL R&D and prototype 1.0 Charge breeder (funding fixed) 0.5 Low Beta ALPI upgrade 1.0 Consumable 1.0 To complete the construction (ISOL system) about 30 Meuro are necessary Reference document approved by INFN for SPES (3 Dec, 2012) INFN approved the construction planning of the SPES project in Dec. 2012

31. CORE SPES funding plan 2013

32. 201220132014201520162017 Authorization to operate and safety UCx 5  A ISOL Target-Ion Sources development ISOL Targets construction and installation Building Construction Executive project raw building construction Cyclotron Construction & commissioning RFQ development and Alpi up-grade Design of RIB transport & selection (HRMS, Charge Breeder, Beam Cooler) Construction and Installation of RIBs transfer lines, CB and spectrometers Complete commissioning and first exotic beam Full UCx authorization SPES Schedule January 2014

33. Items in construction Building and infrastructures* Cyclotron* ISOL system and sources Charge Breeder (starting 2014) Linac ALPI up-grade Beam transport Control system* Authorization to cyclotron operation (completed) Items under final Design RFQ MRMS (n+ separator) LARAMED Safety system* Authorization extension to UCx full power and applications Items at Preliminary Design HRMS Beam cooler NEPIR neutron facility SPES in summary * Items on critical path in 2014 Thank you

35. 35 NATIONAL LEVEL PD LNL BO FI CT LNS NA BA MI PV TN Collaboration on SPES: Acc.Techologies & Mechanics (Mi, Bo, LNS, LNL, Pv, Tn, Pa) Physics Programs & Detectors (Ba, Bo, Ct, Fi, Mi, LNL, LNS, Pd, Tn, Na) PA SPES scientific and technical collaboration INTERNATIONAL LEVEL EUROPE LEA Colliga  France-Italy (SPES, SPIRAL2,ALTO,EXCYT,FRIB, Coll. on Det.) ISOLDE (CERN)  SPES (Italy ) ( Radioprotection and nuclear safety ; Charge Breeding, Laser Ion Sources (RILIS), Target development and material characterization, Spectrometers and mass selectors, superconducting cavities) LEA (under signature)  Poland-Italy International collaboration on Innovative Itinerant Detectors & on experimental proposals to keep a qualified & competitive level AGATA, FAZIA, PARIS, NEDA, GASPARD Italy  France, England, Spain, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Germany, Croatia, Sweden, Finland, Denmark. WORLD iTHEMBA-Labs  INFN MoU HRIBF (ORNL) RIKEN, MSU-FRIBS, RISP-KOREA, BARC, NEW DEHLI, DUBNA, MOSCA

36. Time line of SPES project 2002TDR for 2 Step Target ISOL facility (100kW berillium n-converter + UCx production target, 10 13 fission/s ). Proton driver: high current LINAC (3mA, 100MeV). Evaluated cost: ~ 100 Meuro. 200316.3 Meuro: assigned dedicated funding by INFN. 2005Design of a High performance Direct Target for 10 13 fission/s at 10 kW beam. 2007-08TDR for Direct Target ISOL facility. Present dual-exit cyclotron-based facility Capability to operate two targets at the same time. Evaluated cost: ~ 50Meuro. 2011Start of cyclotron design/construction., 20113Meuro additional INFN funding 2012INFN management approve the realization plan for SPES 20125.6 Meuro from MIUR Premium Project for SPES beta 2013Start building construction. 2013TDR revised for construction 20137 Meuro from MIUR Premium Project for Medical Radio Isotope facility (LARAMED)

37. Radiation protection, Safety and Controls RADIOPROTECTION: Evaluation of radioactivity and radiation risk Authorization request for SPES operation: phase 1request for cyclotron operation at 0.5 mA on standard targets and 5 microA on UCx Phase 2request for full power operation on UCx target (0.2 mA) SAFETY: Development of a Quality and Safety Management System for SPES and definition of a safety system. CONTROLS: EPICS defined as a common supervisor for SPES. Migration of all controls on the same supervisor improve the quality and the safety of the system completed

38. SPES personnel plan

39. NEW RFQ injector for ALPI Beam transmission >95%, low RMS longitudinal emittance at output: 0.15 ns*keV/u. Energy 5.7 –> 727.3 [β=0.0395] KeV/A (A/q=7) matching the ALPI entrance requirements Mechanical design and realization, taking advantage of IFMIF experience (LNL, INFN_Pd, Bo, To). Mechanical layout of the RFQ tank module (length about 1 meter) A high transmission RFQ to match the ALPI entrance requirements

40. Upgraded ALPI layout Additional cryostats: Increase total Energy Cryostats relocated from PIAVE: reduce losses from 40% to 20% Increase energy Optimize transport efficiency All Cavities from CR03 to CR07 at 4.5 MV/m. Medium beta CR07 to CR18 at 4.5 MV/m. High beta 6.5 MV/m for CR19-CR22. Final Energy : ~ 10 MeV/A (A/q=7)