1. UNIT : 5,,,,, WEIGHTAGE: 03/05 MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE
Prof. Desai S.B.
DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
Y.C.I.S.Satara

2. ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
WHAT IS EXPECTED ?
Contents at a glance
ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN
Household Production
Industrial Production
Sewage Treatment
Biogas Production
Biocontrol Agents
Biofertilizers

3. 5.1 MICROBES IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTION
a).Microbes in food preparation:-
Many household preparations such as Nan,,Dhokala Idli,Dosa,Jalebie etc. involve fermentation.
Various species of Bacillus, Lactobacillus,Saccharomyces,
Candida are involved in this process.
Using lactic acid bacteria Paneer,Cheese,Curd,Shrikhand
Buttermilk are produced where as Cheese is a product of
fermentation by fungi.

4. b)Microbes as the source of food:-
Some microorganisms can be used as food. Yeast is a rich source of protein and used as single cell protein.
The dried and dead cells of many bacteria, fungi and algae also can be used as SCP.
Mushrooms are directly used as a source of protein. It is because of their high food and nutritive value.
They are low calorie, sugar-free, fat-free and rich in vitamins, proteins, minerals and amino acids.

5. Micro Organism

6. Some common edible mushrooms:
1.White button mushroom Agaricus bisporus
2.Paddy straw mushroom Volvariella volvaceae
3.Oyster mushroom Pleurotus florida
Non edible eg. toad stools

7. 5.2 Microbes in industrial production:-
Production of Alcoholic Beverages:-
Alcoholic beverages are the products of alcoholic fermentation of specific
Substrates Yeast ,saccharomyces cerevisiae use for production of wine.beer
from mostly barly And whisky from grains of corn, veet,braley.
b) Organic Aicd Fermentation:-
ORGANIC ACID MICROBIAL SOURCE
Citric acid Aspergillus niger
Gluconic acid Penicillium chrysogenum
Fumaric acid Rhizopus arrhizus
Acetic acid (Vinegar) Acetobacter aceti

8. c) VITAMIN PRODUCTION:-
VITAMIN MICROBIAL SOURCE
Neurospora gossypii
ii) Eremothecium ashbyi
Vitamin B2
Alcohol
Vitamin B12
Pseudomonas denitrificans
Vitamin C
Aspergillus niger
Tubuler tower fermenter

9. d) ANTIOBIOTICS PRODUCTION
Antibiotics-Are the substances produced in small amount by certain microorganisms to inhibit growth of other microorganisms.
ANTIOBIOTICS MICROBIAL SOURCE
Chloromycetin Streptomyces venezuelae
Erythromycin Streptomyces erythreus
Penicillin Penicillium chrysogenum
Streptomycin Streptomyces griseus
e) Enzyme Production:
ENZYME MICROBIAL SOURCE
Invertase Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Pectinase Sclerotiana libertine
Lipase Rhizopus species
Cellulase Trichoderma species

10. f) MICROORGANISMS IN DAIRY
Various products such as Cheese, Yoghurt, Buttermilk, Paneer,Shrikhand, Curd, Dahi, Curd etc. are obtained from Milk in dairy industry using microbial species.
Some of the Species of Streptomyces, Penicillium and Lactobacillus are commonly used in dairy industry.

11. 5.3 MICROBES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT
It is essential to remove organic matter from the waste water before it is available for human use. It involves the process of waste water treatment.
Secondary treatment- is a biochemical process.In which primary effluents passed to aeriation tank, agiated, growth of microbes, BOD reduced.
Tertiary treatment - Flocks allowed to sediment called active sludge
Major part pumped into large tank , during this digestion methen,carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide produced .
Effluents realesd in natural water bodies.
Primary treatment -is a physical process and removes large pieces of floating debris,
oily substances, sludge, etc.

12. 5.4 MICROBES IN BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Involves 3 major processes :
1) Anaerobic digestion or hydrolysis-Polymers Monomers
Anaerobic digestion involves anaerobic bacteria like species of
Clostridium, Pseudomonas etc.
2)Acetogenesis or Acidogenesis –Monomers organic acids
3) Methanogenesis -Methanococcus, Methanobacillus.
organic acids CH4+CO2+Other gases

13. FLOATING DRUM TYPE BIOGAS PLANT
Gas outlet
Drum
Inlet
Outlet
In let Pipe
Out let Pipe
Digester
FLOATING DRUM TYPE BIOGAS PLANT

14. An outline of fixed dome biogas plant
Detailed structural design of fixed dome biogas plant

15. 5.5 MICROBES AS BIOCONTROLLLING AGENTS
Four groups of Microorganisms are known as Biocontrol agents include bacteria, fungi, protozoan's and viruses.
Bacillus thuringiensis controls the Larvaes of moths,butterflies, wax
moths, black flies, some adult beetles.
Bacillus sphaericus controls the Larvae of Culex.
Bacillus papillae controls the Larvae of Japanese beetle.
Pseudomonas fluorescens controls the Black cutworms.

16. 5.6 MICROBES AS BIOFERTILIZERS
The biofertilizers are nitrogen-fixing or otherwise microbes which enrich
soil nutrients.
They may be free living or symbiotic or associative endosymbiotic.
They may be of bacterial, cyanobacterial or fungal nature.
Bacterial Biofertilizers include Azotobacter , Nitrobacter, Nitrosomonas
Symbiotic biofertilizers - e.g. Rhizobium
Cyanobacterial bifertilizers includeAulosira, Tolypothrix, Scytonema
Fungal biofertilizers include Mycorrhiza, Ectomycorrhiza, Endomycorrhiza,Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM)

17. Bacterial Biofertilizers
T.S. of root nodule
Root of leguminous plant
Fungal biofertilizers- Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae(VA M)

18. Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following vitamins are water soluble?
A) Vit. A&B B) Vit. B&C C) Vit. A&K D) Vit, C&D
2)Most commonly used substrate for industrial production of beer is-----
A) Barley B) wheat C) Cron D) Rice
3) Removal of large pecies of floating debris, oily substances, etc. during sewage treatment is called
A) Primary treatment B)Secondary treatment
C) Final treatment D) Amplification
4)During biogas species used to bring about anaerobic digestion are of------
A) Saccharomyces B) Sclerotiana C) Rhizopus D) Trichoderma
5) Which one of the following is free living bacterial biofertilizer?
A) Azotobacter B) Rhizobium C) Nostoc D) Bacillus thuringiensis

19. Short answer questions:
1.Write a note on bio control agents?
2.What makes idlies puffy?
3.Name the steps involved in beer production?
4.Give the chemical composition of biogas?
5.What is the microbial source of vitamin c?

20. References: Biology-Text book for XII Hsc boardPune
Text book of microbiology by Ananthanarayan&Panikar.
Introductory Microbiology by Fredrick C. Ross.

21. Thank you…