2. Understanding Glove Performance Standards & Selecting Proper Protection for Jobs

3. Presenter David Shall, PhD CSP, CRSP Executive Vice President
Choctaw-Kaul Distribution Company
3540 Vinewood Avenue
Detroit, MI 48208
Phone:

4. Tilsatec Advanced Textile Materials Flanshaw Lane, Alverthorpe
Presenter
Simon Havis
Technical Director
Tilsatec Advanced Textile Materials
Flanshaw Lane, Alverthorpe
West Yorkshire, UK WF2 9ND
Phone: +44 (0)

5. Session Agenda Hand Protection Terminology Hazard Assessment Process
ANSI Glove Performance Definitions
EN Glove Performance Definitions
ANSI vs. EN
Glove Selection Criteria
Chemical Resistant Gloves
Heat & FR Resistant Gloves
Next Steps

6. Overall Goals Injury / Illness Reduction
Hazard Identification & Abatement
Proper PPE Selection & Utilization
Employee Involvement & Awareness
Safety Compliance
Cost Reduction

7. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Work injury reports identified 2 major factors contributing to hand injuries:
70% of the workers experiencing hand injuries were not wearing gloves.
30% of the workers who were wearing gloves wore gloves that were inadequate, damaged, or the wrong type for the type of hazard present.
*Personal Protective Equipment for General Industry - 59:

8. Workplace Hand Injury Statistics.
Workplace Hand Injury Statistics
Chart 1 illustrates in % the incidence of cut injury to U.S. workers in 2006 relative to other non-fatal injuries.
Chart 2 illustrates the % of injuries to hands & fingers relative to other body parts.
When reviewing %, it’s important to consider that not all injuries are preventable using PPE, such as back injuries. Hand & finger injuries, however, are mostly preventable.
* Only lost-time injury statistics.

9. Can you be more specific please?
Hand Protection Terminology
Hand & arm injury prevention requires safety professionals and end-users to speak intelligently about the glove and sleeves they recommend and use.
Glove Ambiguity Examples:
“Use proper gloves” – Source: Any poorly written Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
“I use green rubber gloves” – Source: Employees describing the Nitrile gloves they use.
Hand Injury Reports Review
Paying attention to injury trends and reviewing injury reports help eliminate similar injuries retroactively if the reports contain good information.
As a best practice consider implementing a policy that required the PPE worn to accompany injured employees to plant medical or the safety office.

10. Hazard Elimination Process
Engineering Design
Risk Assessment & Hazard Identification
Engineering Redesign
Administrative Controls
Employee Training
PPE Selection

11. Upstream Engineering New Programs and Equipment
Design out the hazards by:
Using risk assessment tools to identify and eliminate hazards
Identifying resources to ensure compliance to accepted standards (e.g. safety checklists)
Identify issues-tracking strategy
Establish PPE requirements by defining exposure

12. Administrative Controls
Job Selection / Personnel Placement
Manpower Allocation
Job Rotation
Work / Rest Ratios
Work Partner Requirement
Communication Systems
Fluid Replacement Programs

13. PPE Selection Last resort & last line of defense
Protection against known & anticipated hazards
Must protect without inconvenience or discomfort
Selection based on PPE performance characteristics

14. PPE Compliance Requirements
(d)(1) The employer shall assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present or are likely to be present which necessitate the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). If such hazards are present or likely to be present, the employer shall: (d)(1)(i) Select, and have each affected employee use, the types of PPE that will protect the affected employee from the hazards identified in the hazard assessment; (d)(1)(ii) Communicate selection decisions to each affected employee; and, (d)(1)(iii) Select PPE that properly fits each affected employee.

15. Hazard & PPE Assessment Overview
Pre-Assessment Plant Announcement
Kick-off Meeting
Departmental Assessments
Day End Wrap-ups
Closing Meeting
Final Report Delivery
Change Management / Implementation

16. Injury Data & Preparatory Information
Advanced information helps focus the hazard assessment and recommend appropriate countermeasures or PPE to protect employees.
Injury & Illness Data
Injury & Illness reports by Body Part affected for each Department
Injury & Illness report by Cause (i.e., laceration, dermatitis, chemical burn, thermal burn, etc.) for each Department

17. Plant Preparatory Information
List of Departments by Name & Number
List of Key Personnel & Line Supervisors
Plant Map showing each Department by number and/or name
Noise level averages by department or job
Plant PPE Policies (Work Rules)

18. Hand & Arm Hazard Assessment

19. Probability of Harm Matrix (Probability Of Occurrence vs. Severity)

20. American National Standard for Hand Protection Selection Criteria – 2000 /2005 / 2011
OSHA mandates that employers select and require employees to use appropriate hand protection where hazardous exposure exist in the workplace (i.e., chemical burns or lacerations).
OSHA also mandates that such selection be based on an evaluation of performance characteristics of hand protection relative to the tasks being performed.

21. ANSI/ISEA 105 Mechanical Risks Ratings
The American National Standard for Hand Protection Selection Criteria provides guidance for selecting the correct gloves that will protect workers and assist employers in compliance with OSHA regulations.
Rating
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
Level 6
Abrasion Resistance* (Cycles)
< 100
³100
³500
³1000
³3000
³10000
³20000
Cut Resistance (Grams)
< 200
³200
³1500
³3500 -
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)
< 10
³10
³20
³60
³150
* Abrasion ratings 0 thru 3 are based on measurement with a 500-gram weight added to a blade. Levels 4 thru 6 are measured with a 1,000-gram weight added to a blade.

22. European Union (EU) Standards
EN standards are designed to assist in providing and maintaining workplace safety levels.
Laboratory test results cannot replicate work environments and are advisory in nature only.
Practical trials must demonstrate if a glove is fit for intended purposes.

23. European Mechanical Glove Performance Standards
EN 388:
Protective Gloves Against Mechanical Risks. Established by Comité Européen de Normalisation, this standard represents numerous countries worldwide with normative standards for worker protection. This standard establishes test methods and performance levels for protection from physical hazards or mechanical risks.
Test
Level 0
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
Abrasion Resistance (cycles) (A)
<100
100
500
2000
8000 -
Blade Cut Resistance (index) (C)
<1,2
1,2
2,5
5,0
10,0
20,0
Tear Resistance (N) (T)
<10 10 25 50 75
Puncture Resistance (N) (P)
<20 20 60
150
The EU mandates that the EN 388 mechanical pictogram with numeric performance ratings for (A) Abrasion, (C) Cut Resistance, (T) Tear Resistance and (P) Puncture resistance must be on every glove sold in the member countries in Europe.

24. Glove Standards Puzzle
The International Safety Equipment Association wrote standard: ANSI/ISEA 105, the American National Standard for Hand Protection Selection Criteria. The standard addresses physical and chemical hazards and, has both similarities and differences with the EN or CE standards. ISEA uses ASTM standards for its ratings. OSHA references these standards.
Although the chemical resistance ratings system looks identical to the EN 374 system, with ratings of 0 to 6 based on the breakthrough time, remember that the permeation detection level for the CE standard is 10 times greater.
The ISEA rates mechanical risks similar to the EN 388 system, with slight differences in the ranking system for puncture resistance. The cut-resistance test is significantly different, using grams of force required to cut through a test fabric versus a number of cycles.

25. EN Mechanical Risk Pictogram
The Mechanical Risks pictogram along with a 4-digit code, represent test performance levels against specific hazards:
a. Resistance to abrasion: # of cycles to abrade through
b. Blade cut resistance: # of cycles required to cut through
c. Tear resistance: force required to tear
d. Puncture resistance: force required to pierce with a point

26. Application: General Duty
Cotton Knit Gloves
Application: General Duty
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 2
Cut Resistance (Grams) 1
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 1
Cut Resistance (Cycles)
Tear Resistance (Newtons) 2
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

27. Cotton-Polyester Knit Gloves
Application: General Duty
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 2
Cut Resistance (Grams) 1
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 1
Cut Resistance (Cycles)
Tear Resistance (Newtons) 2
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

28. Cotton Jersey Cut & Sew Gloves
Application: General Duty
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 2
Cut Resistance (Grams) 1
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 1
Cut Resistance (Cycles)
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

29. Cotton Canvas Cut & Sew Gloves
Application:
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 2
Cut Resistance (Grams) 1
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 2
Cut Resistance (Cycles)
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 1

30. Cotton Terrycloth Knit Gloves
Application:
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Grams) 2
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 1
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 2
Cut Resistance (Cycles)
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 1

31. Cotton-Polyester Knit with Latex Palm & Finger Coating Gloves
Application: General Duty
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 4
Cut Resistance (Grams) 2
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 3
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 2
Cut Resistance (Cycles)
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 1

32. Nylon Knit with Polyurethane Palm & Finger Coating Gloves
Application: General Duty
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Grams) 1
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Cycles) 1
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

33. Application: General Duty
Nylon Knit with Polyurethane Palm & Finger Coating Gloves with Tear Away Fingers
Application: General Duty
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Grams) 1
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Cycles) 1
Tear Resistance (Newtons) X
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

34. Nylon Knit with Nitrile Base Rubber (NBR) Palm & Finger Coating Gloves
Application: General Duty
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Grams) 1
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 2
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Cycles) 1
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

35. Leather Palm Gloves ANSI/ISEA 105-2000 EN 388 Application:
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 2
Cut Resistance (Grams) 1
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 2
Cut Resistance (Cycles) 1
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

36. Leather Drivers Gloves
Application: General Duty
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Grams) 1
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Cycles) 1
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

37. Aramid Yarns – DuPont Kevlar & Teijin Tawron Knits Gloves
Application: Cut Resistant
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Grams)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 1
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 1
Cut Resistance (Cycles) 4
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 2

38. DSM Dyneema Knit Gloves
Application: Cut Resistant
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 6
Cut Resistance (Grams) 2
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 4
Cut Resistance (Cycles) 3
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 2

39. Steel Engineered Yarn Gloves
Application: Cut Resistant
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Grams) 4
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 1
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 2
Cut Resistance (Cycles) 5
Tear Resistance (Newtons) 4
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

40. Steel Engineered Yarn with NBR Palm & Finger Coating Gloves
Application: Cut Resistant
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Grams) 4
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 2
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 4
Cut Resistance (Cycles) 5
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 2

41. Application: Cut Resistant
Fiberglass Engineered Yarn with Polyurethane Palm & Finger Coating Gloves
Application: Cut Resistant
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Grams) 4
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 1
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Cycles) 4
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 2

42. Chemical Resistant Performance Standards
ANSI/ISEA 105:
This standard also applies to chemical resistant gloves.
ASTM F1001:
Standard Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Protective Clothing Materials: It establishes a broad list of recommended chemicals to test the resistance properties of protective clothing. These include both liquids and gases:
Acetone
Carbon Disulfide
Diethylamine
Ethyl Acetate
Methanol
Sodium Hydroxide
Tetrachloroethylene
Toluene
1,3-Butadiene (gas)
Ethylene Oxide (gas)
Methyl Chloride (gas)
Acetonitrile
Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride)
Dimethylformamide
Hexane
Nitrobenzene
Sulfuric Acid
Tetrahydrofuran
Ammonia (gas)
Chlorine (gas)
Hydrogen Chloride (gas)

43. Chemical Resistant Performance Standards
ASTM F1383:
Standard Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases through Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions of Intermittent Contact. This method simulates limited contact with chemicals rather than full constant immersion.
ASTM F739:
Standard Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases through Protective Materials under Conditions of Continuous Contact. This method simulates constant total immersion in the test chemical for eight full hours, the worst case exposure.
Degradation:
The damaging change in one or more physical properties of a protective material due to chemical contact. Some use the swell of the glove material measured by weight change after immersion in the test chemical measured at 5, 30, 60 and 240 minutes.
The gravimetric rating system used is:
E: Excellent or <10% weight change G: Good or 10 to 20% weight change
F: Fair or >20% to 30% weight change P: Poor or >30% to 50% weight change
NR: Not Recommended or >50% weight change (severe degradation)
Other degradation changes: delaminating, discoloration, hardening, loss of tensile strength

44. EN Permeation Performance Levels
EN 374: Protective Gloves Against Chemicals and Micro-organisms. The standard established by Comité Européen de Normalisation. This standards committee represents numerous countries worldwide with normative standards for worker protection.
Measured Breakthrough Time:
Permeation Performance Level:
<10 minutes
>10 minutes 1
>30 minutes 2
>60 minutes 3
>120 minutes 4
>240 minutes 5
>480 minutes 6

45. EN 374 Shield
To attain the EN374 pictogram shield gloves must pass at least a Level 2 in 3 chemicals from the list below:
Code Letter
Chemical A
Methanol G
Diethylamine B
Acetone H
Tetrahydrofuran C
Acetonitrile I
Ethyl Acetate D
Dichloromethane J
Heptane E
Carbon Disulfide K
Sodium Hydroxide 40% F
Toluene L
Sulfuric Acid 96%
If gloves have some chemical resistance but not to these specific chemicals it may be labeled with the pictogram that indicates waterproof with low chemical resistance

46. Chemical vs. Glove Match Searches
Obtain a GM approved MSDS to identify chemical ingredients in products used.
STEP 1: Select a Chemical
Best’s Chemical Data Search tool allows you to quickly find recommended Showa Best Chemical Resistant Gloves based on a specific chemical selection. You can choose either a Chemical Name or a CAS Number to begin your search.
STEP 2: Select a Exposure Level
SHOW HEAVY EXPOSURE (default option) - The highest Breakthrough Time Level available for the selected chemical will be highlighted and the matching Best gloves will be displayed in ranked order from highest to lowest breakthrough times.
SHOW LIMITED EXPOSURE - Gloves will be displayed in ranked order from the highest to lowest breakthrough times.
STEP 3: Show Physical Hazard Risks
Physical Hazard Risks for both Heavy and Limited Exposure may be displayed based on exposure description. Best gloves are graphically displayed based on application.

47. Chemical Resistant Gloves 100% Nitrile, 15-mil Thick, Flock-Lined
Application: Chemical Protection
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 4
Cut Resistance (Grams) 1
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 2
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 1
Cut Resistance (Cycles)
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

48. Chemical Resistant Gloves Nitrile 4-mil Thick, 9.5” Long Disposable
Application: Chemical Splash Protection
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles)
Cut Resistance (Grams)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles)
Cut Resistance (Cycles)
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

49. Chemical Resistant Gloves 100% Neoprene-coated, Cotton Liner
Application: Chemical Protection
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 3
Cut Resistance (Grams) 2
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 1
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 2
Cut Resistance (Cycles)
Tear Resistance (Newtons)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

50. Chemical Resistant Gloves Butyl
Application: Chemical Protection
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 1
Cut Resistance (Grams)
Puncture Resistance (Newtons) 2
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 1
Cut Resistance (Cycles)
Tear Resistance (Newtons) 2
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

51. Molten Metal Resistance Test (ASTM F955)
To test molten resistance splash, 2.2 lbs (1 kg) of molten iron heated to 2850°F (1566°C) is poured from a height of 18 in. (46 cm) onto the fabric, which is positioned at a 70° angle.
The average maximum temperature rise of six readings using a calorimeter is listed below.
Smaller numbers indicate greater resistance to temperature change and better thermal protection.

52. Thermal Heat Specifications
Manufacturer Guidelines
Fabric Abbreviation Key:
PB = PBI (polybenzimidazole)
GL = Fiberglass
TH = Thermonol
KV = Kevlar
Leather

53. EN 407 Heat & Fire Performance

54. Heat Resistant Gloves Leather Welding Gloves
Application: Heat Protection
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 4
Cut Resistance (Grams) 2
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 4
Cut Resistance (Cycles) 2
Tear Resistance (Newtons) 3
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

55. Heat Resistant Gloves Loop Out Terry Cloth Aramid
Application: Heat Protection
ANSI/ISEA
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 2
Cut Resistance (Grams) 4
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)
EN 388
Abrasion Resistance (Cycles) 2
Cut Resistance (Cycles) 5
Tear Resistance (Newtons) 4
Puncture Resistance (Newtons)

56. Job Task Example Metal Handling Hand & Arm Hazards Sharp Metal
Handling of metal parts (loading, unloading, assembly operations and inspection)
Oil on Parts (necessary part of the process)
Grip loss / slipping parts can cause cuts and abrasions
Flying Sparks
Airborne burning metal particles from automated welding guns
Heat
Hot metal from welding equipment

57. PPE Performance Criteria
Hand Protection
Cut resistance measured in grams (CPPT)
Abrasion resistance measured in abrasion wheel cycles at 500 and 1000 grams
Puncture resistance measured in Newtons
Heat resistance measured in degrees (C) or in seconds to 2nd degree burn
Chemical permeation measured in minutes to breakthrough
Chemical degradation measured in % change in puncture resistance

58. Criteria for Glove Selection & Trial
Cut Resistance
How well will it protect in metal parts handling?
Abrasion Resistance
Sharp edges will cause glove degradation
Heat Resistance
Insulated from heat & should not burn readily
Hand Grip Characteristics
Conducive with light oil
Finger dexterity requirements
Worker Comfort
Are hands padded against sharp edges for the weight of parts?
Durability
Service life under normal conditions including laundered performance
Price
Cost worthiness of products based on performance, protection and durability

59. Takeaways & Next Steps Local Injury Trend Reviews
Hazard Assessment Review or Performance
Glove Usage Analysis
Injury Reduction Recommendations
Standardization & Complexity Reduction
Injury Reporting & Data Collection Requirements

60. Thank you!
Questions?

61. Understanding Glove Performance Standards & Selecting Proper Protection for Jobs