1. Cardiovascular System

2. It is know as the “transportation” system of the body Structures of the Cardiovascular system Major structures of the CV system are: -Heart -Blood Vessels -Blood Cardiovascular System

3. Three layers make up the walls of the heart: Epicardium – outermost layer of the heart wall Myocardium –middle layer of heart wall, thickest layer, contains heart muscle Endocardium –innermost layer of the heart wall Facts: The coronary arteries & veins provide oxygen rich blood to the myocardium. If blood supply is disrupted, the myocardium in that area will die.

4. Chambers of the Heart Atria – the two upper chambers of the heart. Receiving chambers for blood coming to the heart. Ventricles – the two lower chambers of the heart. All blood vessels leaving the heart begin in the ventricles. Apex – lower tip of the heart

5. Heart Valves Valves are important to control the flow of blood from one chamber of the heart to another. Tricuspid valve – opening between right atria and right ventricle Pulmonary semilunar valve – opening between right ventricle and pulmonary artery Mitral valve (also called bicuspid) – opening between left atrium and left ventricle Aortic semilunar valve – located between left ventricle and aorta http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/HTML/CR M/heart/heart_valves.html

6. Conductive Pathway Electrical impulses originating in the heart cause the cyclic contractions

7. Blood Vessels Consist of –Arteries- carry oxygen rich blood for the heart to the body –Capillaries- connect arterioles with venules (small veins). They allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells –Veins- carry “un-oxygenated” blood back to the heart.

8. Order of Blood Flow Superior and Inferior vena cavae Right Atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Lungs Pulmonary Veins Left Atrium Mitral Valve Left Ventricle Aortic valve Aorta to the body Superior and Inferior vena cavae Repeat the process

9. Blood Cells There are 3 main kinds of blood cells: 1.Erythrocytes- Red blood cells 2.Leukocytes –White blood cells 3.Thrombocytes- clotting process

10. Video

11. Diseases and Abnormal Conditions: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – narrowing of the coronary arteries that can cause other problems Hypertension (high blood pressure) – blood pressure above normal limits, 130/90 considered normal Atherosclerosis – (ather/o = plaque + -sclerosis = hardening) hardening and narrowing of arteries by build-up of cholesterol plaque

12. Angina Pectoris – spasm of chest pain due to a decrease in blood flow to the myocardium Myocardial Infarction – also known as a heart attack or “MI”; blockage of a coronary artery resulting in death of the surrounding tissue Congestive Heart Failure – heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s need for oxygen and nutrients. Kidneys retain body fluids that cause swelling in legs and ankles and fluid build- up in the lungs.

13. Bacterial Endocarditis – (endo = inside + cardi = heart + -itis = inflammation) inflammation of the lining or valves of the heart caused by a bacteria. Heart Murmur – valve that does not function properly may allow blood to flow back into the heart chamber (where it just came from). Arrhythmias – abnormal rhythm of the heart 1.Bradycardia – (brady = slow + cardi = heart + ia = abn. condition) slow heartbeat, < 60 beats/minute rnceus.com/ekg/ekgsb.html Pathology of the CV System

14. 2.Tachycardia – (tachy = fast) fast heartbeat, > 100 beats/minute www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/cpg.cfm?doc_id=5247 Fibrillation – rapid, ineffective contractions of the heart 1.Ventricular Fibrillation – irregular contraction of the ventricle, will result in death unless corrected quickly. www.mf.uni-lj.si/.../eng/sz-50/sldr00015.html Pathology of the CV System

15. Health Care Professionals related to the CV system: Cardiologist – specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the heart.

16. 1.Perfusionist – operates the heart lung machine during a bypass surgery www.bellin.org/photos/Perfusion.jpg 2.CV technologist – assists with cardiac catheterizations, stress testing, pacemaker insertions, etc… 3.EKG technician – performs electrocardiographs on patients, applies holter monitors, etc… Health care Professionals: