1. Types of Microscopes

2. Compound Light Microscope

3. Scanning Electron Microscope Scan the surface of cells

4. Transmission Electron Microscope Used to view very thin cross-sections

5. Magnification To get the total magnification, just multiply the eyepiece and the objective. For example, the scanning objective has a total and 4x and the eyepiece is 10x, so the total magnification is 40x.

6. The History of the Cell Discovery made possible by the invention of the microscope.

7. Anton van Leeuwenhoek first described living cells as seen through a simple microscope.

8. Robert Hooke used the first compound microscope to view thinly sliced cork cells. Hooke was the first to use the term cell.

9. Mathias Schleiden identified the first plant cells and concluded that all plants are made of cells.

10. Thomas Schwann made the same conclusion about animal cells.

11. Overview

12. THE CELL THEORY 1.All organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2.The cell is the basic unit of life. 1.All cells come from pre-existing (other living) cells.

13. Two Basic Cell Types

14. Prokaryote Lacks internal compartments NO true nucleus Most are single-celled (unicellular) organisms

15. Eukaryote Has internal compartments (organelles) DOES have a true nucleus Can be either unicellular or multicellular Nucleus

16. Eukaryote vs Prokaryote

17. Cell Organelles

18. Boundaries Plasma Membrane Serves as a boundary between the cell and its external environment. Allows materials to pass in and out of the cell. Cell Wall Surrounds the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, bacteria, and fungi. Plant cell walls contain cellulose (a complex carbohydrate) while fungi cell walls contain chitin (a nitrogen-containing complex carbohydrate).

20. Controls -Nucleus Regulates cell function. Surrounded by a double-layer membrane (nuclear envelope) with large pores (nuclear pores) that allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus. Contains chromatin- long tangles of DNA -Nucleolus Found in the nucleus and responsible for ribosome production. Ribosomes are the sites of protein production.

22. Transport -Endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.) Folded membrane that acts as the cell’s delivery system. Smooth E.R. contains enzymes for lipids. Rough E.R. is studded with ribosomes for protein synthesis. -Golgi apparatus ( or Golgi body) A series of flattened sacs where newly made lipids and proteins from the E.R. are repackaged and shipped to the plasma membrane.

24. Storage -Vacuoles A sac of fluid surrounded by a membrane used to store food, fluid, or waste products. Plant cells have a central vacuole. -Lysosomes Contain a digestive enzyme. Can fuse with vacuoles to digest food or worn out cell parts. Also known as “suicide sacs”

26. Animal Cell

27. Energy Transformers -Mitochondria Produce the energy for the cell. Also known as the “powerhouse” of the cell. Has a highly folded inner membrane (cristae). -Chloroplast Found in plant cells and some protists. Transform light energy into chemical energy, which is stored in food (glucose) Contain chlorophyll- a green pigment that traps light energy and gives plants their green color.

29. Support and Locomotion Cytoskeleton- a network of thin, fibrous materials that act as a scaffold and support the organelles. Microfilaments- solid filaments of protein Microtubules- hollow filaments of protein

31. Locomotion (Movement) -Cilia Short, numerous, hair-like projections from the plasma membrane. Move with a coordinated sweeping action. -Flagella Longer, less numerous projections from the plasma membrane. Move with a whiplike action.

33. Cilia in Your Respiratory Tract