1.  Political Variations in Gender Ryanna Becker Thomas Dunn Samica Telhomme Dr. Escaleras College of Business: Economics

2. Introduction  Extensive research has been done on the subject of the political gender gap  Results have shown that there exists a gender gap in the overall population of the US (Kramer, 2002)  The gender gap is important because it enables the political candidates to better target their campaigns  Additionally, the gender gap helps economists and others solidify their predictions about the campaign’s outcome  This research specifically focuses on the Hispanic population

3. Why Hispanics?  Hispanics are an especially important demographic to target  They have been growing exponentially  Now the largest minority demographic  Hispanics’ voting preferences are extremely important for the outcome of the elections  This research focused on discovering if the gender gap is also present amongst Hispanics

4. Why Hispanics? (United States: 2000 & 2010)

6. Population Growth (United States: 2000 – 2010)

7. Why Hispanics? (Florida: 2000 & 2010)

8. Population Growth (Florida: 2000 – 2010)

9. Research Questions  In this project specifically we are interested in two questions:  Is there a relationship between gender and political party affiliation?  Is there a gender gap in voting preferences?

10. Hypothesis  Null Hypothesis assumes there is no association between variables  Alternative Hypothesis claims that some association exists

11. Hypothesis  H o : There is no difference in party affiliation between Hispanic males and females.  H a : There is an association between party affiliation and gender in the Hispanic population.

12. Methodology  Conducted a total of 500 surveys of the national Hispanic population  Half was done through telephone (Interactive Voice Response)  Other half was done through online surveys  Our survey took place right before the midterm elections.  automated polling system  Single voice in English or Spanish eliminates interviewer bias  Data analyzed using IBM’s Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS)  research including frequencies and cross tabulations.

13.  Add question for hypothesis 1

14. Party Affiliation by Gender

15. Chi-Square Table: Party Identification Chi-Square Tests ValuedfAsymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 9.037 a 3.029 Likelihood Ratio 9.0713.028 Linear-by-Linear Association 3.4011.065 N of Valid Cases 803 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 56.43.

16. Chi-Square Table: Party Identification (continued) Symmetric Measures ValueApprox. Sig. Nominal by NominalPhi.106.029 Cramer's V.106.029 N of Valid Cases 803

17. Results  Chi Square  Hypothesis test used for testing the association between two variables  Case #1: The Chi Square is high (? >.005)  There is a strong association between gender and political party affiliation  Case #2: The Chi Square is high (? >.005)  There is significance between gender and voting preferences

18. Results  Phi and Cramer’s V  Measures the strength of the relationship  Case #1: The Phi Square and Cramer's V has a small effect (.106 >.10)  There is a weak relationship between gender and political party affiliation  Case #2: The Phi Square Cramer's V has a no effect (.078 <.10)  The relationship between gender and voting preferences is not relevant

19. Hypothesis  H 0 : Gender and voting preferences are independent  H a : Gender and voting preferences are not independent

20. Voting for Congress

21. Chi-Square Table: Voting for Congress Chi-Square Tests ValuedfAsymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 4.843 a 2.089 Likelihood Ratio 4.8562.088 Linear-by-Linear Association 3.3841.066 N of Valid Cases 804 a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 90.00.

22. Chi-Square Table: Voting for Congress (continued) Symmetric Measures ValueApprox. Sig. Nominal by NominalPhi.078.089 Cramer's V.078.089 N of Valid Cases 804

23. Conclusion  Similar to the literature about the overall population, the gender gap is present in the Hispanics population as well  Since this minority group is growing exponentially, this gender gap should be taken into consideration  Hispanics’ opinions are important for predicting the outcome of the elections  Candidates must adapt their marketing to target the Hispanic population according to these results