1. Separating Mixtures

2. What is a mixture?
When two or more materials or substances are mixed together but do not chemically combine.
This means they retain their original properties.
This means they can be separated by physical means.

3. What are some different ways of separating mixtures?
Magnetism
Hand separation
Sifting or sieving
Decant
Filtration
Distillation
Evaporation
Chromatography

4. Magnetism
If one component of the mixture has magnetic properties, you could use a magnet to separate the mixture. Iron, nickel, and cobalt are all materials that are magnetic.
Not all metals are magnetic: gold, silver, and aluminum are examples of metals that are not magnetic.

5. Example of magnetism
Using a magnet to separate nails from nonmagnetic substances

6. Hand separation Separating the parts of a mixture by hand.
Only useful when the particles are large enough to be seen clearly.

7. Example of hand separation:
Using your fork to separate tomatoes, lettuce, cucumber, onions, etc. in your salad.

8. Sifting or sieving
Used to separate a dry mixture which contains substances of different sizes by passing it through a sieve, a device containing tiny holes.

9. Example of sifting/sieving:
Using a sieve to separate sand from pebbles.

12. Decantating

13. Filtration separates a liquid from a solid
Mixture of
solid and
liquid
Stirring
rod
Filtrate (liquid
component
of the mixture)
Filter paper
traps solid
Funnel
Filtration separates a liquid from a solid
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 40

14. Example of filtration:
Using a coffee filter to separate the coffee flavor from the coffee beans.

15. Mixture (salt, sand, water)
filter paper
filter funnel
Mixture (salt and water)

16. Distillation
Water Vapour
Mixture (salt and water)
Bunsen burner
Water

17. Distillation is a process of boiling a liquid and condensing and collecting the vapor. The liquid collected is the distillate.
The usual purpose of distillation is purification or separation of the components of a mixture. This is possible because the composition of the vapor is usually different from that of liquid mixture from which it is obtained.

18. The solution is boiled and steam is driven off.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39

19. Salt remains after all water is boiled off.
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 39

21. Evaporation
Allowing the liquid to evaporate, leaving the soluble solid behind.
Example: heating sugar water. The water evaporates and the sugar crystals are left behind.

22. Evaporation Water Evaporating dish Mixture (salt and water)
Bunsen burner

23. Setup to heat a solution
Ring stand
Beaker
Wire gauze
Ring
Bunsen burner
Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 42

24. Chromatography
Used to separate dissolved substances in a solution from each other.
Mixture
Components
Separation
Stationary Phase
Mobile Phase

25. Example of chromatography:
Using chromatography paper to separate ink into it’s original components.

26. Chromatography Tie-dye t-shirt Black pen ink DNA testing
Tomb of Unknown Soldiers
Crime scene
Paternity testing

27. Paper Chromatography