2. Li I know the function, components as well as structure of the circulatory system. I can -Define what the circulatory system is. -I can name the major organs as well as the accessory organs that make up the circulatory system. -Compare the differences and similarities between veins and arteries. -I can name the major components that make up blood as well as their functions.

3.  The circulatory system carries blood and dissolved substances to and from different places in the body.  The Heart has the job of pumping these things around the body.  The Heart pumps blood and substances around the body in tubes called blood vessels.  The Heart and blood vessels together make up the Circulatory System. What is the circulatory system?

4. Function Transport materials needed by cells – Oxygen – Glucose Remove waste materials from cells – Carbon dioxide – urea

5. Major Components Pump (heart) – Continuously circulates blood Network of tubes – Arteries- blood away from heart – Veins- blood back to the heart Blood – Fluid that fills the circulatory system

6. Specific parts Pulmonary arteries- transport blood to lungs Pulmonary veins- transport oxygenated blood to hear Aortic arch and trunk- main arteries from heart Common carotid artery- carries blood to brain Renal vein and artery- connects to kidneys Mesenteric veins- connects to intestine

7. Accessory Organs Lungs- organ where oxygen is taken up and CO 2 is released Kidneys- organ where wastes are removed from blood; critical in regulating fluids in the body Small intestine- digestion Large intestine- water absorption

8. The Heart The human heart has four chambers – Left and right ventricle – Left and right atrium The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body while the right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where oxygen can be absorbed by the hemoglobin carrying red blood cells

9. The Heart Left Ventricle Left Atrium Right Atrium Right Ventricle valve Vein from Lungs Artery to Head and BodyArtery to Lungs Vein from Head and Body valve

10. blood from the heart gets around the body through blood vessels There are 3 types of blood vessels 1. ARTERY 2. VEIN 3. CAPILLARY

11. The ARTERY thick muscle and elastic fibres Arteries carry blood away from the heart. the elastic fibres allow the artery to stretch under pressure the thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.

12. The VEIN Veins carry blood towards from the heart. thin muscle and elastic fibres veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction. body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the body, they also squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel.

13. The CAPILLARY Capillaries link Arteries with Veins the wall of a capillary is only one cell thick they exchange materials between the blood and other body cells. The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur through capillaries.

14. arteryvein capillaries body cell The CAPILLARY capillary bed A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.

15. what’s in red blood cells white blood cells platelets plasma carbon dioxide digested food waste (urea) hormones oxygen

16. The Blood plasma red blood cell white blood cell platelets

17. Red Blood Cells contain haemoglobin, a molecule specially designed to hold oxygen and carry it to cells that need it. can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as it squeezes single file through the capillaries. a biconcave disc that is round and flat without a nucleus

18. White Blood Cells there are many different types and all contain a big nucleus. the two main ones are the lymphocytes and the macrophages. some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy invaders by dissolving them. other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons. macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro- organisms.

19. Platelets Platelets are bits of cell broken off larger cells. Platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibres to form a net. This net traps other blood cells to form a blood clot.

20. Plasma A straw- coloured liquid that carries the cells and the platelets which help blood clot. carbon dioxide glucose amino acids proteins minerals vitamins hormones waste materials like urea. It also contains useful things like;

21. Blood Pressure Blood pressure is a measure of the force exerted by the blood on the wall of the arteries. – An example is 120/80 (systolic pressure/diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure is the result of the contraction of the ventricles (normal 110-140) Diastolic pressure is during the ventricle relaxation (normal 70-90)

22. Responses to exercise The beneficial effect of exercise on the cardiovascular system is well documented. There is a direct relation between physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease.

23. Responses to exercise Acute responses Are responses that occur straight away. Increase heart rate Redistribution of blood to areas of the blood that have more demand for it. (i.e. leg muscles if you are running) Increase heart rate

24. Responses to exercise Chronic responses Responses that occur over a longer period of time. The muscles in the heart wall become thicker and stronger. Red blood cell number will increase. Increase in the amount of blood that can be pumped around the body on one minute.

25. SUMMARY copy and complete the following; Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The _________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot.

26. SUMMARY copy and complete the following; Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The _________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot. away platelets towards capillaries plasma oxygen muscular