1. Biological causes of secondary Lymphoedema

2. Lymph Vessels and nodes Lymphatic vessels are structures of the lymphatic system that transport fluid away from tissues. The fluid transported by lymphatic vessels is called lymph Lymph vessels collect and filter this fluid before directing it toward blood vessels near the heart Lymph nodes serve two major functions in the body They filter lymph and assist the immune system in building an immune response Lymph nodes filter lymph of harmful pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. The nodes also filter out cellular waste, dead cells, and cancerous cells.

3. Secondary lymphoedema This is a result of some problem outside of the lymphatic system that prevents it working properly. What can cause secondary lymphoedema Surgery - particularly when lymph nodes are removed during treatment for cancer: breast, prostate, gynaecological, head or neck, sarcoma or melanoma. Radiotherapy - this kills cancer/tumour cells, but it can also cause scar tissue that interrupts the normal flow of lymph in the lymphatic system. Lymphedema occurs when your lymph vessels are unable to adequately drain lymph fluid, usually from an arm or leg.

4. Symptoms of secondary lymphoedema Swelling of part or all of your arm or leg, including fingers or toes A feeling of heaviness or tightness Restricted range of motion Aching or discomfort

5. Diagnosis When you visit the doctor they will check your history of illnesses They will check if you have had lymph nodes removed in the past due to cancer They will examine the patient and check for swelling Other tests that may be used are genetic screening and blood tests

6. Treatment There's no cure for lymphedema. Treatment focuses on reducing the swelling and controlling the pain, such as - Exercises. Light exercises in which you move your affected limb may encourage lymph fluid drainage and help prepare you for everyday tasks Wrapping your arm or leg. Bandaging your entire limb encourages lymph fluid to flow back toward the trunk of your body. Massage. A special massage technique called manual lymph drainage may encourage the flow of lymph fluid out of your arm or leg.

7. References Http://www.Mayoclinic.Org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/basics/symptoms/con-20025603 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/basics/definition/con-20025603 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/basics/causes/con-20025603 http://www.macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/coping/side-effects-and-symptoms/lymphoedema/what-is-the- lymphatic-system.html http://www.macmillan.org.uk/information-and-support/coping/side-effects-and-symptoms/lymphoedema/what-is-the- lymphatic-system.html