1. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS INSAT-3D New Products & their use in Operational Forecasting VIRENDRA SINGH, Director(operation)/Scientist-E vsvsingh69@gmail.com Satellite Meteorological Division

2. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) Kalpana-1 INSAT-3D:2013 INSAT-3A 74 o 82 o 93.5 o Current Indian Geostationary Meteorological Satellites

3. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) INSAT-3D: India launched an exclusive meteorological satellite on 26 th July, 2013 from French, Guyana using ARIANE rocket. It is located at 82 Degrees East. Mission objectives: To monitor earth ’ s surface, carryout oceanic observations and its environment in various spectral channels of meteorological importance. To provide the vertical profile of temperature and humidity parameters of the atmosphere. To provide the data collection and data dissemination capabilities from the Data Collection platforms (DCPs). To provide the satellite aided search and rescue services. Payloads Six channel imager Nineteen channel sounder Data Relay Transponder(DRT) Satellite aided Search and Rescue(S&SR) System. Meteorological payloads are state-of-art and have significant technological improvement in sensor capabilities and higher resolution compared to earlier INSAT missions

4. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) Six channel ImagerNineteen channel Sounder Visible to Thermal IR 1KM to 8KM IGFOV Half hourly earth coverage Flexible scanning modes Programmable number of lines and frame repeats Improved Blackbody calibration scheme Image motion & Mirror motion compensation Visible to Long Wave IR Fully programmable East-West and North –South Scan pattern Programmable dwell time for East-West scan step motion Automatic space view every 2 min and Blackbody view every 30min. 10KM IGFOV, 14bits digitization Image motion & Mirror motion compensation INSAT 3D Met. Payloads

5. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) It is multi-spectral (optical radiometer) capable of generating the images of the earth in six wavelength bands significant for meteorological observations, namely, visible, shortwave infrared, middle infrared, water vapor and two bands in thermal infrared regions. The Imager generates images of the earth disk from geostationary altitude of 36,000 km every 26 minutes and provide information on various parameters, namely, outgoing long- wave radiation, quantitative precipitation estimation, sea surface temperature, snow cover, cloud motion winds, etc. The Imaging System of INSAT-3D has the following significant improvements over that of KALPANA and INSAT-3A: Improved 1 km resolution in the visible band for the monitoring of mesoscale phenomena and severe local storms Imaging in Middle Infrared band to provide night time pictures of low clouds and fog. Imaging in two Thermal Infrared bands for estimation of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) with better accuracy. Higher Spatial Resolution in the Thermal Infrared band. Overview – INSAT-3D payloads-IMAGER

6. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) Overview – INSAT-3D payloads-IMAGER cont. The salient features of INAST-3D Imager are as follows: Blackbody calibration sequence is modified as compared to VHRR of earlier satellites. Three flexible mode of operation High Resolution mode: in the Fast Scan direction IFOVs are over sampled by 1.75 times. A biannual rotation of yaw by 180 degree has been introduced to reduce the cooler patch temperature. This is to be taken care during processing Mode of OperationTime of coverageCoverage Area Full frame mode26 minutes18x18 degrees Programmed Normal scan mode 23 minutes14x18degrees Programmed Sector scan mode 6 minutes4 degrees in NS & 18 degrees in EW

7. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) INSAT-3D-Night Time Micro Physics-RGB 23 APR2014 2130 UTC low level clouds Thin Cirrus clouds Dust cloud over west China It is designed and tuned to monitor the evolution of night- time fog / low stratus. Other (secondary) applications are the detection of fires, low-level moisture boundaries and cloud classification in general. It should be noted that as the product is tuned for night-time conditions, its use during day- time is very limited. The Fog / Low Clouds RGB is composed from data from a combination of the Imager MIR3.9, IR10.8 and IR12.0 channels Beam Channel Range Gamma Red IR12.0 - IR10.8 (TIR2-TIR1) -4 … +2 K1.0 Green IR10.8 - IR3.9 (TIR1-MIR) -4 to 6 K 1.0 Blue IR10.8(TIR1) +243 … +293 K1.0

8. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) New Product- Day Time Micro Physics-RGB The Day Microphysics RGB was inherited from Rosenfeld and Lensky (1998): the VIS0.64 reflectance in red approximates the cloud optical depth and amount of cloud water and ice; the SWIR 1.67 solar reflectance in green is a qualitative measure for cloud particle size and phase, and the IR10.8 brightness temperature modulates the blue. This color scheme is useful for cloud analysis, convection, fog, snow, and fires. In this colour scheme water clouds that do not precipitate appear white because cloud drops are small, whereas large drops that are typical to precipitating clouds appear pink, because of the low reflectance at SWIR1.5 manifested as low green. Supercooled water clouds appear more yellow, because the lower temperature that modulate the blue component. Cold and thick clouds with tops composed of large ice particles, e.g., Cb tops, appear red. Optically thick clouds with small ice particles near their tops appear orange Beam ChannelRange Gamma Red VIS(0.55-0.75) 0 …+100 % 1.0 Green SWIR1.67 0... +60 % 1.0 Blue IR10.8 +203... +323 K 1.0

9. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) 1 2 1. Caro-cumulus. No rain. 2. snow(pink). 3. Mid-level orographic clouds (yellow). No rain. 3

10. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) Example of Dust on 6/4/2015 over Rajhasthan Day MP Night MP

11. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) "Dvorak Hurricane Curve for Tropical Cyclone Classification", and is applied only to infrared (10.3-11.3 µm) imagery. The different black/white/gray ranges represent different intensity classifications in the Subjective Dvorak Intensity Classification Technique (Based on NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 11, 1984). The temperature values displayed on the image above are approximate, with the absolute temperature ranges for each gray shade listed below GRAY SHADE CODE TEMPERATURE (Deg C) Warm Medium Gray greater than +9 Off White + 9 to -30 Dark Gray -30 to -41 Medium Gray -41 to -53 Light Gray -53 to -63 Black -63 to -69 White -69 to -75 Cold Medium Gray -75 to -80 Cold Dary Gray less than -81 INSAT -3D BD curve Cyclone enhancement images of HUDHUD Cyclone dated 12.10.2014 at 06:00 UTC

12. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) This enhancement is mainly applied on infrared (10.3 -11.3 µm) imagery for television, newspaper, and internet displays. INSAT -3D NH curve Cyclone enhancement images of HUDHUD Cyclone dated 12.10.2014 at 06:00 UTC

13. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) Surface insolation (R s ) / Incident Photosynthetically Active Radiation (IPAR) Incident solar radiation flux (Js -1 m -2 = Wm -2 ) in the shortwave (0.3 to 3µm) received at ground at a given instance (instantaneous global insolation) and daily integral is expressed as MJm -2 or kW-hrm -2 IPAR is incident Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD)(µmolm -2 s -1 ) in light region (0.4 to 0.7µm) at a given instance IPAR / insolation ratio generally varies from 0.40 to 0.65 depending on the seasons or months Surface insolation is a major input for modelling earth’s radiation and energy budget, evapotranspiration and crop simulation model and also renewable energy assessment to locate solar PV or thermal power plants IPAR is a driving input for vegetation photosynthesis to estimate primary productivity and vegetation carbon pool, integral component of carbon cycle Relevance

14. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) Methodology: Flow chart 3D-Imager data: TIR1, 2 TOA Radiance, L sen Brightness T, T B Split Window Method LST Image Planck’s function , L p, L sen, T B Forward modeling Split Window Coeff: a 0 to a 6 RT Model  Spectra Various class Atmo.profiles T, P, W V.. LST range Sensor: SRF View. geom  Image Satellite Products MODIS/INSAT WV Image Cloud mask Validation off-line RT modeling

15. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) Flow chart for surface Insolation Imager VIS band time series data Imager TIR 1 & 2 band time series data Fog mask

16. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master)

17. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) Product NameLand Surface TemperatureLST UnitK (Kelvin) Summary of Product Algorithm The LST products are derived using TIR1 and TIR2 channel data from INSAT-3D Imager. A physics-based algorithm based on the empirical relationship is used to define LST in terms of brightness temperatures from infrared channels and land surface emissivity (e) along with the atmospheric columnar water vapour (wv). The generic form of the product algorithm is given as. LST = f (TIR1, TIR2, e, wv). Product Resolution4 km X 4 km Product Size2750X2750 Pixels Spatial Interpolation Method Not required. Time Resolution30-Minutes 250-350 K Product AccuracyAbsolute : 1.5-5 KRelative : 1-2% at 300 K LST Product Specifications

18. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) Data requirements for LST product generation INPUT Data (From INSAT-3D)TIR1, TIR2 radiances and brightness temperature data from Imager (every 30-Minutes) Static DataEmissivity Atmospheric water vapour climatology Operational Model Forecast Fields (Mention resolution and time sampling needed) Atmospheric columnar water vapour

19. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master)

20. Agency, version?, Date 2014? [update filed in the slide master] Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS Add CGMS agency logo here (in the slide master) Thank You