1. Phocidae-true seals HUGO BRAVO P.2

2. The reasons why true seals are shaped the way that they are  -True seals are known for their rounded torpedo shape, the reason why they have this is because of their life in the water.  -Over time the ancestors of true seals have evolved a smooth stream line shape to cut through the water and catch its prey as efficiently as possible and is curtail for its survival.

3. The difference between true seals and eared true seals Phocidae  They have no external ears  They cant walk with their back flippers  They don’t dark  They have large sharp claws on their front flippers for gripping ice and rocks  They wriggle on land as a means of locomotion

4. The difference between true seals and eared true seals Otariinae  When on land they walk on both form flippers and back flippers  They are much more vocal tending to use the trade mark bark that sea lions are known for  Most members of this family are found in warmer waters  They have small external ears that distinguish them from true seals

5. True seal adaptations Eyes The eyes of a true seal are large. This is because seals rely on their vision to hunt for their prey. Seal eyes are actually vary sensitive to light so they can detect their prey in deep dark waters. Blubber The blubber of a true seal is used to keep them insulated from the cold climate they live in. Blubber is also used to keep the animal buoyant Blubber is also used to store energy Vertebra True seals have a loosely interlocked vertebrae that makes them flexible as well as graceful under water.

6. Collapsing lungs Some true seal have taken diving to a new extreme. They are able to forcibly collapse their own lungs in order to dive better This adaptations also helps them avoid decompression sickness

7. Diving for true seals True seals are perfectly adapted for life in the water as well as diving.They can for three minuets but can spend a full thirty minutes in a single dive. Unlike humans and some aquatic animals true seal actually expel the air from their lung before a dive. Before each dive a true seal begins to hyperventilate in order to store oxygen in their system. In order to store a large amount of oxygen some true seals have developed larger than average spleens to store red blood cells that are released later during a dive. A seals body is specially adapted for storing oxygen unlike other animals they have more blood and hemoglobin in proportion to their size.

8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_U-91r-57_c Diving with seals

9. After eight months of rehabilitation at Ke Kai Ola, our Hawaiian monk seal hospital, seven young seals are strong enough to return to their ocean home. seven monk seal pups were found and taken to a rehabilitation center to learn how to feed and learn the tricks and trades of survive in the wild.Although the successes of the pups is heart warming it is also curtail for the survival of the spices.This is because monk seals are one of the most endangered of all the true seals. The return of and the steady increase of the monk seal population is a very good sign that conservation efforts to preserver this species are working and can be applied to other animals that are similarly endangered. Seal current events http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/about- us/News-Room/2016-news-archives/hawaiian- monk-seal-releases.html

10. True seal habitats  Almost all true seals live in the cold seas of either the northern hemisphere or southern hemisphere.  Some seals like the tropical monk seal for example live in warmer waters but the vast majority live in frigid seas  Some seal spend their entire lives on the ice and some never come out from the water instead they live under the ice pack carving holes in the ice to breathe  Other seal will actually dig caves under the ice to protect from predators and unfavorable condition

11. Diet and Feeding Habits of True Seals A ll seals are carnivores Most true seals are generalist and have a varied diet but some do specialize in what food they eat for example the carb eater seal eats mostly krill and the elephant seal eats mainly squid. The diets usually times depend on the season and the availability of food. All seals forage for food in the sea except one species in particular that lives in a fresh water lake. This seal is also unique in the sense that it’s the only seal that lives in fresh water. Seals also use their large light sensitive eyes to see and catch their prey. Seals also use their long whiskers as sensory detectors to feel their preys movements in the water.

12. Mating Habits  The mating season of most seal varies from species to species but for the most part it occurs during the late spring.  males mate with several females  Before they mate true seals begin the mating rituals that consist of bubble blowing,vocal displays, mouthing each other's necks, and body rolling.  Some true seals are know to fight violent and bloody battles for the right to mate with the females for example the elephant seal  some of the larger spices of true seal will claim a part of the beach as his territory where he keeps his harem of females

13. True seals defense  True seals for the most part have vary little defense especial the smaller species who cant use size to scare their predators away  A seal can also rely on its ability to escape in the water but even in the sea it faces many dangers from orcas polar bears and even predatory leopard seals that would make a meal out the smaller weaker species  A true seal min line of defense is numbers a number of species live in colonies or even small groups to defend themselves

14. Work cited  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earless_seal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earless_seal  http://www.livescience.com/27870-seals.html http://www.livescience.com/27870-seals.html  http://www.polarcruises.com/polar-info/antarctica-wildlife/seal- adaptations http://www.polarcruises.com/polar-info/antarctica-wildlife/seal- adaptations  http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-3406700891/true-seals- phocidae.html http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-3406700891/true-seals- phocidae.html  http://www.seals-world.com/ http://www.seals-world.com/