1. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 1 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS HIGH VOLUME ELECTRONIC PRODUCT MANUFACTURE KEY STAGE 3/4 - V11 MANUFACTURING TEACHING RESOURCE

2. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 2 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS This resource demonstrates how Siemens manufacture a high quality electronic Micromaster Inverter which is used to control a broad range of industrial applications. It focuses on the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) manufacturing processes showing; surface mounting of electronic components, screen printing of boards, component placement, re-flow oven, through-hole conventional assembly and wave soldering techniques. The Axis Education Team is aware of the need for clear teaching tools which cover industrial practices. This presentation gives an insight into the measures Siemens have developed to ensure that they remain in the forefront of the manufacturing sector. It is illustrated with photographs from the Siemens Standard Drives manufacturing facility in Congleton. The material is aimed, at teachers and students of GCSE and A level primarily in Engineering and Manufacturing, but also for teachers of Design and Technology, GNVQ, NVQ, City & Guilds, BTEC courses, Specialised Diplomas, Work Related Learning, Enterprise and Environmental Education. AIMS

3. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 3 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS Siemens Standard Drives, a division of Siemens Automation Drives, is based in Congleton, South East Cheshire and has its headquarters in Erlangen, Germany. INTRODUCTION Congleton Introduction

4. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 4 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS SIEMENS CONGLETON Introduction

5. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 5 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS This resource follows the manufacture of the Micromaster 4 range of Inverters at Siemens Standard Drives, Congleton. It is a standard product which has many control applications such as, pumps, fans, conveyors, packing and filling machines. Other products within the range have additional features and their applications are in; pick and place, positioning machines, lifts and cranes. PRODUCTS MM 420 Introduction

6. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 6 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS Siemens supplied drives to the Alton Towers rollercoaster ride, Nemesis, to control the speed of the carriages. APPLICATIONS Introduction

7. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 7 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS Siemens drives are used in the automatic baggage handling system at Munich Airport in terminal 2. The system can handle up to 100,000 items of baggage per day. APPLICATIONS Introduction

8. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 8 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS Coca-Cola and Highland Spring rely on Siemens drives in their bottling plants. Highland Spring increased their plant capacity by 60% in just three weeks by using Siemens technology! APPLICATIONS Introduction

9. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 9 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS Goods In Surface Mount Technology Materials Preparation Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Application Mechanical Assembly Dispatch The next part of the presentation follows the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) manufacture and is divided into 8 sections. At the beginning of each section is a flow diagram showing the process. PCBs are an integral part of the Micromaster 4. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD Introduction

10. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 10 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS Here is an example of circuit diagram and a completed printed circuit board (PCB). PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD Introduction

11. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 11 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS GOODS-IN Goods-in

12. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 12 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS On average, 42 pallets of material arrive daily; it is unpacked, checked, booked in and stored on the same day. Siemens work closely with their suppliers to ensure component deliveries are scheduled for the right time and are of the correct specification. GOODS-IN AND MATERIAL STORES This is the floor plan of the goods-in and material stores. Goods-in

13. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 13 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS GOODS-IN AND MATERIAL STORES Movement of components is kept to a minimum by storing them in dedicated locations close to the production lines where they are most used. Stock levels are monitored closely to ensure manufacturing never run out of components. The stores department receives, stores and supplies the production lines with over 2000 different parts per day. Goods-in

14. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 14 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS GOODS-IN LINE FEEDERS Components are fed to the production lines by a team of line feeders who are responsible for supplying all the materials required by the line operators for the production build. This minimises the amount of material stored and is known as floor stock. They also process all returnable external and internal packaging. Bins of components for the manual assembly A5 line. Reels of components for the automated pick and place machines. Goods-in

15. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 15 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS SURFACE MOUNT PROCESS The following slides show the complete process undertaken in the Surface Mount Area. Surface Mount

16. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 16 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS SURFACE MOUNT TECHNOLOGY Surface Mount

17. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 17 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS A blank, double-sided, PCB is taken from an input stack, visually inspected, scanned with a barcode reader and placed on a conveyor for processing. A blank, double-sided, PCB. SURFACE MOUNT PROCESS Surface Mount

18. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 18 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The board is automatically fed into the DEK288 Screen Print Machine which has been designed specifically to apply solder paste to one side of the PCB. Solder paste contains chemicals which clean the components` leads and the pads on the PCB. The combination of chemicals is known as a flux vehicle, this removes oxides and other soldering barriers which are found on components and PCBs. The paste also provides enough tack strength to ensure the part does not move during the heating process. SCREEN PRINTING Surface Mount

19. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 19 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS A squeegee process is used to push the solder paste through the print screen and onto the pads of the PCB. When this process is completed, the pads are checked to ensure the solder paste has been applied correctly. SCREEN PRINTING Surface Mount

20. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 20 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS Small components, such as resistors and capacitors, are loaded onto the machine on dedicated reels of tape. They are automatically picked and placed into the correct position. Each machine has 2 heads which can pick and place 12 components at a time, and 60,000 components per hour! COMPONENT PLACEMENT STATION - PICK and PLACE The PCB is then automatically fed into the first of the computer controlled, Siplace machines. These machines are also manufactured by Siemens and are used throughout the electronic assembly industry. Surface Mount

21. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 21 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS This is a photograph of components such as capacitors and resistors. The £1 coin shows just how small these components really are! SURFACE MOUNT COMPONENTS Surface Mount

22. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 22 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The PCB is then automatically fed into the second Siplace machine for placement and adjustment, if necessary, of the larger components and the fine pitch components such as integrated circuits. This machine places parts very accurately and is capable of placing 20,000 components per hour. There are 2 further placement stations before the reflow oven. COMPONENT PLACEMENT STATION - PICK and PLACE Surface Mount

23. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 23 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The boards are automatically fed into the horizontal reflow oven, which has seven chambers each heating to specific temperatures. This ensures the solder paste is heated correctly. Throughout the time in the oven, the PCB goes through two distinct phases, pre-heat and reflow. SOLDERING IN THE REFLOW OVEN Surface Mount

24. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 24 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The pre-heat phase allows uniform heat distribution and reduces the effect of thermal shock. The reflow phase is when the solder paste changes state from a solid to a liquid and wets the component leads and pads of the PCB. The parts are then ready for soldering. The temperature rises to 225°C then cools down as it enters the cooling zone of the oven. During the time in the oven the components are sealed and a good electrical contact is formed. THE REFLOW OVEN The soldered PCB emerging from the oven. Surface Mount

25. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 25 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS Before After SURFACE MOUNT VALUE ADDING As the PCB moves through the processes and more work is carried out, value is added to the PCB, hence the term value added. Surface Mount

26. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 26 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS All PCBs are inspected on the computer controlled, Automatic Optical Inspection System (AOI) which identifies assembly defects. AUTOMATIC OPTICAL INSPECTION SYSTEM QUALITY CONTROL Surface Mount

27. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 27 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The boards then undergo a final visual inspection by an operator before being forwarded to the next stage of production. QUALITY CONTROL Surface Mount

28. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 28 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The populated PCBs are placed and stored in these totes, or carriers, for transportation within the factory. BOARD TOTES Surface Mount

29. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 29 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS MATERIAL PREPARATION Material Preparations

30. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 30 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS Quality measures ensure items reaching the preparation area are of the best quality and fit for function. The component preparation area includes 2 separate areas, B2 and B3. B2 is where components are pre-formed ready for assembly on the PCB lines. Some components are pre-prepared to required specification on machines. The stand- off, pitch, leg length (1½mm–2mm depending on the particular PCB) can all be modified. Tolerances (+/- 0.1mm) are critical to ensure the smooth running of the production line. MATERIAL PREPARATION Before After Material Preparations

31. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 31 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS B3 is a PCB and components preparation area, where PCBs are cut, spot masked if appropriate and studs inserted prior to testing and moving to the mechanical area to build into units. It is a high volume area where 9 workers operate 2 shifts. MATERIAL PREPARATION Material Preparations

32. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 32 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS CONVENTIONAL BUILD Conventional Build 1900 / day

33. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 33 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS CONVENTIONAL BUILD PROCESS The following slides show the complete process undertaken in the conventional build area. Conventional Build

34. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 34 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS Before After CONVENTIONAL BUILD - VALUE ADDING This slide clearly shows the components value added during the conventional build process. Conventional Build

35. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 35 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS CONVENTIONAL BUILD FOR THROUGH - HOLE COMPONENTS The conventional build method is used for fitting through-hole components such as capacitors and transformers to the PCBs. These components are bulky and cannot be fitted automatically. The skilled operators manually place the required components onto the PCBs from a Colour Coded Bin System, following a Bill of Material and a Work Schedule. Bill of Material Conventional Build

36. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 36 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS This slide shows a Bill of Material and Work Schedule used by the line operator for correct placement of the components. Conventional Build CONVENTIONAL BUILD FOR THROUGH - HOLE COMPONENTS

37. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 37 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The PCBs are placed on a carrier frame which automatically feeds through a Wave Solder Machine, allowing the through-hole components to be soldered without disturbing the surface mount soldered joints. It secures all the components on to the PCB and creates a sound electrical contact. WAVE SOLDERING Conventional Build

38. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 38 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS EXPLANATION OF WAVE SOLDERING On entry to the machine, a barcode reader is activated and all the parameters for the machine are automatically set. An ultrasonic nozzle sprays flux to the underneath of the PCB. Quartz short-wave halogen tubes pre-heat the tunnel and apply heat to the underside of the board, which avoids thermal shock. The components from the through-hole area are wave soldered to the PCB, without damaging the previously soldered components. Conventional Build

39. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 39 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The carrier frame is lowered onto the conveyor and transported to the end of the line. On exit from the machine the PCB is moved to the relevant build operator who makes a visual inspection checking for any misplaced components or badly soldered joints. EXPLANATION OF WAVE SOLDERING - CONTINUED Conventional Build

40. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 40 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS PCB TEST PCB Test

41. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 41 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The following slides show the complete process undertaken in the PCB Test Area. PCB TEST - QUALITY CONTROL PCB Test

42. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 42 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS PCB TEST - QUALITY CONTROL AUTOMATIC TEST EQUIPMENT (ATE) The PCB is placed in the test rig, called a fixture; it interfaces electronically with the Spectrum 8851 System Tester and tests each board. The system automatically carries out a complete function test and reports any failures. It can test approximately 3500 PCBs per day! A visual check is also carried out as the fixture can detect presence of a component but not the correct orientation. If a PCB fails there is an in-house testing and fixing area where skilled technicians carry out the necessary repairs. PCB Test

43. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 43 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS This slide shows an operator completing the testing process. PCB TEST - QUALITY CONTROL PCB Test

44. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 44 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS This is the re-work area for inspection and repair. PCB RE-WORK - QUALITY CONTROL PCB Test

45. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 45 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS COATING Coating

46. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 46 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS COATING APPLICATION The following slides show the process undertaken in the Coating Area. Parts of the PCBs are coated with a special varnish to protect the electrical connections from dust and moisture. This increases the reliability of the products for those customers using them in the most demanding of environments, such as high levels of dust, moisture and heat. Coating

47. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 47 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The process starts with the operator loading the boards into a pallet and scanning each barcode. The Coating Machine uses this number to identify and select the correct coating program for that particular PCB. It also checks it has successfully passed the testing process, as it is programmed not to coat a failed board. COATING APPLICATION Coating

48. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 48 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The PCB enters the first application station where a robotic spray accurately applies the coating material to the topside. Once completed the PCB is then flipped 180° and enters the second application station where the coating is applied to the underside. COATING APPLICATION Coating

49. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 49 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The next stage of the process is curing. The PCB enters the oven where it travels slowly on a conveyor progressing through different stages of temperature, to a maximum of 110ºC, for approximately 18 minutes. Once out of the oven, the conveyor takes the PCB over several cooling fans, before removal by the operator. cooling COATING APPLICATION - CURING Coating

50. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 50 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The PCB is given a final inspection in an ultra violet light booth to check the material has been successfully applied to the correct areas of the board. It is then ready to be assembled into a drive. COATING APPLICATION - QUALITY CONTROL Coating

51. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 51 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY Mechanical Assembly

52. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 52 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS Mechanical assembly of the drives takes place in purpose designed lean manufacturing cells, which can be staffed by up to 3 operators depending on the type of drive being assembled. The cell is configured in a U-shaped arrangement with all material and equipment needed close at hand; this ensures the area is compact, helps the operators to work as a team and keeps movement to an absolute minimum. MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY Mechanical Assembly

53. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 53 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The completed PCBs are received from the coating area, folded and assembled, together with all other components and sub assemblies, to make the final product - a Micromaster 4 Inverter. MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY Mechanical Assembly

54. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 54 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The inverter is fitted into a plastic casing. MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY Mechanical Assembly

55. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 55 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS FUNCTION TESTER This machine tests the finished product for electrical safety and a runs a complete function test. Mechanical Assembly

56. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 56 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS PACKING AND LABELLING The inverter is then passed through to packing and shipping where it is visually checked and packed. The inverter product label is scanned, two labels are printed: one is the rating label, which is fixed onto the inverter and the other is the packing label, which is fixed to the outer packaging. Mechanical Assembly

57. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 57 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS DISPATCH Dispatch

58. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 58 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS The products are packed into returnable plastic boxes at the end of the production lines and then moved to a 40 foot container, ready for shipping. DISPATCH Dispatch

59. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 59 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS Products made at the Congleton site are dispatched to a central warehouse in Nuremberg, Germany. DISPATCH Dispatch

60. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 60 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS To reduce the cost of transportation Siemens ensure loads have no more than 10% air space in each box, this way they maximize the loading of the container. DISPATCH Dispatch

61. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 61 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS FLOW DIAGRAM Dispatch

62. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 62 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS GLOSSARY BILL OF MATERIAL (BoM): a list of components (electronic, electrical & mechanical) required to produce a semi finished or finished assembly. It also contains all relevant drawings (electrical & mechanical) component quantities and positions associated with the assembly. REFLOW SOLDERING: a continuous process where components are positioned, solder paste is applied by screen printing and subsequently melted in an oven in a controlled way to form electronic joints. SURFACE MOUNT TECHNOLOGY (SMT): where components are soldered to the PCB without using holes, resulting in higher component density and therefore smaller boards.

63. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 63 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS WAVE SOLDERING: a large scale soldering process. Molten solder is contained in a tank and a pump creates a controlled, standing wave, this wets the PCBs as they move across it, thus forming joints. THERMAL SHOCK: cracking as a result of rapid temperature change. Controlled by heating gradually instead of suddenly. THROUGH - HOLE TECHNOLOGY: components have pins which are designed to be inserted into holes and soldered to the printed circuit board, thus forming stronger mechanical joints. GLOSSARY CONTINUED

64. Automation and Drives 2007, slide 64 - Änderungen vorbehalten Goods-in Surface Mount Material Preparations Conventional Build PCB Test Coating Mechanical Assembly Dispatch Introduction CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT AXIS would like to acknowledge the time and help given by Siemens for their support in the development of this resource. We would appreciate the completion of the feedback questionnaire sheet within 12 weeks of receipt. If you would like further copies please quote:- KS3/4 – 11 Please e-mail Axis at: axis@totalpeople.co.uk or telephone 01270-848415/6